Automating computer usual processes Essay

Nowadays, almost all kinds of establishments are relying on computers for automating their usual processes. Most of the manual systems in offices are replaced by the automated systems which use computer technology. Moreover, computers have also diminished the total manual works and the effectiveness of employees has also increased because of the dependence of establishments on computer technology. It helps also to perform the routine business tasks much quicker compared to the manual way of doing things. Computer nowadays is no longer considered a luxury but rather a necessity with the emergence of information technology 1 â€Å"We are in the so-called information age, and every transaction at every phase of the establishments depends on modern computing.† As observed, there are already many manual systems that are being replaced by the computerized ones. Some of these are the payroll, sales and monitoring, point of sale, enrollment, grading, library, and other related systems .. Integration with the people in the society is in demand for progress. The relation field of Information Technology concerns the use of computer-based information system to convert, process, protect, share, store, transmits and retrieve information. Technologies have brought us more advances on personal computer, to build new industries and change the lifestyle of each individual. These advances became more powerful and more productive for simultaneous growth in society and industries. Using Internet is one of the medium of today’s communication, people easily connect in the current events in their community and even outside their places and acquire necessary information in just a short period of time. 2As the saying goes, â€Å"Nothing is permanent than change† so as with Information Technology. This field will continue to prosper and continue to help change lives by improving it. Although most people, especially in the Philippines still prefer the old ways or manual transactions, the future Filipino generations will eventually embrace ch ange and not only that, but also be the one to provide change through the future students and graduates that will courageously take this field. Every bit of information is now considered as a powerful tool hence it should be used and managed with the utmost caution. This mere reason prompts many establishments to produce their own system  that will protect information. The Bicol Consortium for Health Research and Development (BCHRD) was established to address the existing health condition in the Bicol region. It is a coordinating system involving various institutions in the region with interest in health research. The BCHRD was created upon the partnership with Philippine National Health Research System (PNHRS), Regional Development Council (RDC) with the member institutions of : Department of Health (DOH) ,Bicol Regional and Training And Teaching Hospital(BRTTH), Commision on Higher Education (CHED) , Bicol University (BU), Catanduanes State University (CSU), University of Saint Anthony, Ago Medical and Educational Center (AMEC), Atedeo de Naga, University of Nueva Caseres, Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Aquinas Univ ersity of Legazpi (AUl), Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Bicol Medical Center, Partido State University (PSU) . Universidad de Santa Isabel. The existing health condition in the region necessities the establishment of a strong health research and development (R&D) coordinating system involving various institution in the region with interest in health research. Putting them together to work on consortium arrangement will promote complementation, thereby increase the synergy despite limited resources for R&D undertakings. The Bicol Consortium for Health Research and Development (BCHRD) was therefore established to address the afore mentioned concerns. The primarily goal and objective of BCHRD is to institute/strengthen the system collaboration in Bicol to develop and enhance the capacity of research institution within the region which have interest and engage in health related researches, as a strategy to improve the health condition of Bicolanos Specifically the consortium aims to : (a) Undertake and/or spearhead health related Research and Development (R&D) activities; (b) Establish a collaborative system for effective sh aring and utilization of physical, financial and manpower resources among member-institution as well encourage the active involvement of non-members that will fave the way for expanding the membership of consortium; (c) Promote an effective collaboration and harmonious working relationship between among member-institutions in the conduct of researches in health, nutrition related fields; (d) Encourage, generate and provide funds for health –related researches in accordance with the health and nutrition priority  areas/sectors indicated in the plans of the Regional Development Council (RDC) and the Philippine National Health Research System (PNHRS); (e) Develop the capability in manpower, facilities and other infrastructure for health and nutrition and other related researches; (f) Effectively promote the proper utilization of health research findings; (g) Serve as clearing house for all health related researches; (h) Establish linkages/network within and outside the region ; and (i) Institute a mechanism and implement strategies for a sustained visibility of the consortium and ensure a long-term viability of the consortium. Monitoring system is not just used in the field of industry; it has also a very significant role in improving the quality of education in the country (Philippines). Once this technological approach is implemented a full assurance that the aimed quality of educational system will be able to reach its peak of being more organized and well improved system In terms of paper works, these two types of management system can easily manage the projects through having an Proposal monitoring system. Archiving system refers to the process of moving data through an automated storage device that helps the people to access the data easily. Before, an archival record was identified with manuscripts or with written records. Years passed by, archival record refers to recorded information, specifically in paper-based transforming it to automated form method. Implementing an archiving system of records can do task of organizing, monitoring and easy generation of reports. On the other hand, all the Research proposal that are pending, denied or approve must be monitored in order to ease the different operations and functions of organizations. In this study, monitoring system for the research proposal of the institution is the most needed to work to. This system updates the current status of the research project. In addition, monitoring system has a significant role in improving the quality of the implemented projects to be able to reach its goal. Because of its function, they are having problems in a certain field. They seem to have problems in the management of projects from time to time. In addition, the increasing burden of creating and maintaining the archive of projects. Their file storage is full of projects making it a burden when finding a needed project. This study aimed to create a system for the Bicol Consortium for  Health Research and Development. It covered the storing and updating of projects that are processed in the department and al so uploading projects in the system that can be retrieved easily. Statement of objective General Objectives This study aims to develop a research proposal and monitoring management system for the Bicol Consortium for Health Research and Development. Specific Objectives 1.) To create a system that will facilitate research proposal and monitor status for approval. 2.) To develop a monitoring system for all ongoing researches. 3.) To record all pending, approved and rejected proposals, and ongoing and completed research of the health proponent/researcher. 4.) To create a secure system for monitoring of research proposals and projects. 5.) To generate reports on the status of research projects and proposals. Scope of the System Check the requirements for filing a proposal Keep track of the status of the proposal Keep track of the research’s accomplishments and budgets Monitor progress of ongoing research Scope and Delimitation This study is about Bicol Consortium for Health Research and Development. This will cover the checking of requirements the tracking and monitoring of the proposal. It has the overall planning, coordination, and control of a project from beginning to completion. The system records the detailed planning, proposed, on-going and finished projects in the department. Old  files were also scanned and be saved as pdf. The secretary, regional administrator, institution head and all the member of the health research were given privileged to view the system. The employees may ask the administrator of each section if they need files that were in the system. The head administrator provides admin accounts for each section head. The proposal monitoring management system has different sections for the storage of projects (proposed, on-going and finished projects) and it provided easy access to the projects’ status and tracks the finished projects that are archived. Old and new files are archived in this system. The date could only be searched, retrieved and printed. The archive could be searched by date, name etc. As for the proposal monitoring management system, it provided an automated monitoring and checking the status of ongoing research development. It has additional features, like the user is notified for the reminders of the agency; and the system is secured by providing administrator restrictions. On the other hand, the proposed system would not include other health researcher that are not member of the institutions that are part of BCHRD. The study only focused on the automation of storage of all projects that would be made and were done, monitoring its status among various sections of PDMO and provide an automated maintenance plan in monitoring, checking and repairing of items. Significance of the Study The result of the study will benefit the following: Bicol University. College of Science One of the four-fold functions of a university or any academic institution is research. This study will be another contribution to the research achievements of the university. BCHRD (Bicol Consortium for Health Research and Development).This lessened the manual labor of the agency through the use of the system which operates the research projects and monitoring plans for BCHRD. Employee. The system helped the employee to do their job efficiently, properly and effectively. Students This study will serve as an educational  and reference material for their future studies and undertakings. This may also give an idea on making their own versions of the existing software, thus presenting their own modifications. Researchers. This study which is connected to the Research Proposal Monitoring and Management System will improved the researchers’ knowledge in programming skills and their sense of responsibility. Future Researchers. Students who will undertake future research projects can use this study as reference material. This will provide the future researches sufficient information with regards to system development. Definition of Terms For better understanding of the study, the following terms were defined operationally or concepltually: Research Proposal an study that request time and fund from instition Monitoring Management System the process of checking the updates and status of ongoing health research Proponent in this study the proponent is the person who is requsting or conducting health researh Storage. , this term refers to the method of storing finished and proposed projects for future use. Secure System in this study this term refers to a system that cannot be easily tamper the information that is stored. EDIT OR E-REVISE NIO Notes 1 The Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, USA: Grolier Incorporated, 1995 (accessed on May 19, 2014 9:05am) 2http://my.safaribooksonline.com/book/information-technology-and-software-development/9788131760291/information-technology-basics/ch008006 (Accessed on: May 20, 2014 2:18PM) â€Å"What is Information Technology?†.

Methods Section: How Work Affects GPA

To assess the influence of employment on the grade point average of students who are either part time or full time employed, the researcher prepared a questionnaire with open and closed ended questions.   The open ended questions were meant to provide greater insight into the subject.   Responses to such questions that the researcher considered worthy of note were recorded in the Discussions section of the study.   The closed ended questions, on the other hand, provided the researcher with quantitative data.   An analysis of the answers to the closed ended questions utilized descriptive statistics, the most important of which was the mean value of the variable in question (See Questionnaire in the Appendix).The researcher identified fifteen students who were engaged in full time employment, plus fifteen more who were employed part time.   Participants in each of the groups were selected out of the student population based on the researcher’s discretion rather than ra ndom selection.   The selected participants in the study had first of all to sign an â€Å"Informed Consent† form to declare that they understand that they are participating in a research study to understand the influence of employment on the grade point average.Also on the â€Å"Informed Consent† form was a signed statement of the researcher, claiming that the data collected through the questionnaire as well as the results of the research would not identify the participant’s name.   In other words, all information gathered through this research is confidential with respect to the names of the participants in the study (See Informed Consent form in the Appendix).Following the agreement of the students to participate in the study – as indicated on the â€Å"informed consent† forms that each individual subject was required to sign – the participants,  divided into two groups based on the above mentioned criteria, received the questionnai re designed by the researcher.   The verbal instructions given the participants were simply to answer all questions honestly, and to turn in their completed questionnaires by the end of the week during which the questionnaires were handed out.   The participants, upon being handed out the questionnaires, were also asked to feel free to contact the researcher at any time in order to pose any questions that would emerge in the process of the completion of the questionnaire.Once the participants had submitted their questionnaires on time to the researcher, the latter began qualitative and quantitative analysis on the collected data.

Volleyball vs Softball

Petter Tomas ENG 101 September 12th, 2011 Volleyball Vs. Softball Home run! Spike! These are some very different words that mean very different things between softball volleyball. Not only are they different but they can be alike in smaller ways also. They both deal with balls, there both sports, they are both played in the same season. Their different in sizes, both uses different equipment, and are both played very differently. When it comes to the equipment used there are no similarities. There are many differences in the equipment used in volleyball then there is in softball.You don’t use bats in volleyball, and you don’t use nets in softball. The balls used in volley ball are much larger compared to a softball. In softball you use a bat to hit the ball out into the field. In volleyball you use your hands to hit the ball over the net to the other side. The teams don’t compare in sizes. In volleyball there are six people on both sides of the net. As in softbal l there can be nine to ten players out on the field. If you play slow pitch there is usually ten, but if its fast pitch theirs usually nine.Of course since they are completely two different sports that would mean that they have completely different rules on how to play. Volleyball and softball are usually both played around the same time of year, spring time. They can both be played outdoors. Volleyball can be played out doors in the sand or inside a gym. It doesn’t really matter as long as you have a net. When it comes to softball you can only play that outside on a softball field. When it comes to both sports, they are both very different. I rather would prefer to play softball rather than volleyball.To me softball is more of a competitive sport, always moving around the field. There’s more areas to play. Such as pitcher, catcher, hitter. But don’t get me wrong I like to play volleyball for fun also. Softball and volleyball are very different in many ways. But similar in some ways also. They are both great sports to play. So if you like to spike it, or hit a home run, they are both fun sports to play. a-raes end end Hdad beging People are always trying to figure out what sport to play. Some of the most popular sports to participate in and to watch, just happen to be the two sports that I have the most expertise in.I played in both volleyball and softball thought out my young life. I have played in organized league's both in high school and for the YMCA as well. I am using these two examples to show you two differences and two similarities that both sports have in common. In providing you this information I hope it may become beneficial in helping a person that is having trouble deciding which sport is best for them. If their final two choices were volleyball and softball that is. First we will talk about the differences.The first difference that I will discuss will be about a piece of equipment that is used in both sports and has to be u sed to participate and play in both sports. The second difference that I want to convey is what effect fiscal contact has on your decision to picks the correct one. The two similarities that I am going to discuss are that they both can be played with little expense to a person or persons and that both of these sports you have flexibility in the times of the year that you can play and participate in both sports and is a factor in the popularity of both sports.The piece of equipment that may be used as a deciding factor in choosing the correct sport for a person and probably the most important piece is the ball. Its true they both are played with a ball. The differences that I want to bring up are the size of the balls and the way they are made. The softball is harder and made of a more durable core made of a solid polyurethane and. The outer leather is stitched and held together with a nylon thread. It has a circumference of ten inches. Where the volleyball is a lot softer leather an d has a circumference of twenty-five inches.The ball that is used in a volleyball game is hit with your fist and the ball used in a softball game is hit with a bat. The second difference that I think could be a factor in your decision is how much body contact that is involved in both sports. Yes, they both are considered a non contact sport with minimal contact, but in both sports you can experience an injury if you are not fit and in shape. and the many different environments that both can be played in. For example, football players often tackle the opposite players to stop them approaching forward. But it is rarely seen in a baseball game.Another major difference is the rule. For instance, it changes defense side and offense side when every three players are out in a baseball game. But it’s totally different from football. You are changed to offense side when you intercept the ball. The last difference is that football players have to carry the ball to touch down but baseba ll players don’t need to do that. In conclusion, though there are some similarities and differences This could be a deciding factor when choosing the correct sport. Some people may think softball as a more of a â€Å"tough man† sport.Or a person that plays volleyball,he/she is has more skills that someone that plays softball. Contrary to what spectators may think, these two sports take effort by all the players. This is one thing that football and basketball have in common. Both of these sports are team sports, because it takes every person on the team to achieve and succeed is either in school participating off scholarship or playing in a league out side school. start the understanding that it takes hard work, team work and working with others to and achieve personal goals later on in life. They are both great sports to. wo concepts that a person can needs to prosper and sussed. I have picked both are very popular from childhood threw adulthood. The concept of working together that working with people is needed in the grand schemes of things to, achieve goals, and to succeed in life. There are so many sports in the world. There are some similarities and differences between these two sports. I would like to discuss the similarities first. needed teamwork to win a game. Teammates should cooperate with each other and follow their strategy made by coaches to go through the game and win eventually.There are no two better sports than softball and volleyball to use as the seed to being teaching these idea. Both are a fun activity and both can be played with a minimal of funding. Volleyball and softball are usually both played around the same time of year, spring time. They can both be played outdoors. Volleyball can be played out doors in the sand or inside a gym. Softball is usually played outside on a softball field. I would prefer to play softball rather than volleyball. To me softball is more of a competitive sport.Your always moving around. Thereà ¢â‚¬â„¢s more areas to play. Such as pitcher, catcher, hitter. But don’t get me wrong I like to play volleyball for fun also. between these two sports, you can play what you want. In high school, the most enjoyable part of one’s Friday nights will somehow include football games and basketball games. Football and basketball are almost always recognized as the most important sports to a school. one was to compare and contrast football to basketball, he/she would find many similarities, as well as differences.

Just in Time at Jimmy’s

CHAPTER 15 Lean operations and JIT Short case: Just-in-time at Jimmy’s St James’s Hospital, in Leeds in the north of the UK, affectionately known as ‘Jimmy’s’, is Europe’s largest teaching hospital. It employs around 4500 people to support the 90 000 in-patient treatments per year and over 450 000 total admissions. Under increasing pressure to reduce costs, to contain inventory and to improve service, the Supplies Department has undertaken a major analysis of its activities, to try and adopt some of the ideas from the JIT approach.The initial review highlighted that Jimmy’s had approximately 1500 suppliers of 15 000 different products at a total cost of ? 15 million. Traditionally, the Supplies Department ordered what the doctors asked for, with many cases of similar items supplied by six or more firms. Under a cross-functional task force, comprising both medical and supply staff, a major programme of supplier and product rationalizatio n was undertaken, which also revealed many sources of waste. For example, the team found that wards used as many as 20 different types of gloves, some of which were expensive surgeons’ gloves costing around ? per pair, yet in almost all cases these could be replaced by fewer and cheaper (20 pence) alternatives. Similarly, anaesthetic items which were previously bought from six suppliers, were single-sourced.The savings in purchasing costs, inventory costs and general administration were enormous in themselves, but the higher-order volumes also helped the hospital negotiate for lower prices. Suppliers are also much more willing to deliver frequently in smaller quantities when they know that they are the sole supplier. Peter Beeston, the Supplies Manager, said: ‘We’ve been driven by suppliers for years †¦ hey would insist that we could only purchase in thousands, that we would have to wait weeks, or that they would only deliver on W ednesdays! Now, our selecte d suppliers know that if they perform well, we will assure them of a long-term commitment. I prefer to buy 80 per cent of our requirements from 20 or 30 suppliers, whereas previously, it involved over a hundred. ’ The streamlining of the admissions process also proved fertile ground for improvement along JIT principles. For example, in the Urology Department, one-third of patients for non-urgent surgery found their appointments were being cancelled.One reason for this was that in the time between the consultant saying that an operation was required and the patient arriving at the operating theatre, there were 59 changes in responsibility for the process. The hospital reorganized the process to form a ‘cell’ of four people who were given complete responsibility for admissions to Urology. The cell was located next to the ward and made responsible for all record keeping, planning all operations, ensuring that beds were available as needed, and telling the patient wh en to arrive. As a result, the 59 handovers are now down to 13 and the process is faster, cheaper and more reliable.Jimmy’s also introduced a simple kanban system for some of its local inventory. In Ward 9’s storeroom, for example, there are just two boxes of 10 mm syringes on the shelf. W hen the first is empty, the other is moved forward and the Ward Sister then orders another. The next stage will be to simplify the reordering: empty boxes will be posted outside the store, where codes will be periodically read by the Supplies Department, using a mobile data recorder. Chapter 15: Short case study 1 Copyright  © 2006 Pearson Education Limited Slack: Operations Management, 5th editionThe hospital’s management are convinced of the benefits of their changes. ‘Value for money, not cost cutting, is what this is all about. We are standardizing on buying quality products and now also have more influence on the buying decision †¦ from being previously funct ionally oriented with a number of buyers, we now concentrate on materials management for complete product ranges. The project has been an unmitigated success and although we are only just starting to see the benefits, I would expect savings in cost and in excess inventory to spiral!The report on Sterile Wound Care Packs shows the potential that our team has identified. The ‘old’ pack consisted of four pairs of plastic forceps, cotton wool balls and a plastic pot, which were used with or without additional gloves. This pack cost approximately 60 pence excluding the gloves. The â€Å"new† pack consists of a plastic pot, swabs, etc. , and one pair of latex gloves only. This pack costs approximately 33 pence including gloves. Total target saving is approximately ? 20 000. ’ Chapter 15: Short case study 2 Copyright  © 2006 Pearson Education LimitedSlack: Operations Management, 5th edition Questions 1. List the elements in St James’s new approach which could be seen as deriving from JIT principles of manufacturing. 2. What further ideas from JIT manufacturing do you think could be applied in a hospital setting such as St James’s? Chapter 15: Short case study 3 Copyright  © 2006 Pearson Education Limited Slack: Operations Management, 5th edition Short case: Flexibility helps JIT at L’Oreal L’Oreal cosmetics is now the world’s largest toiletries and cosmetics group, with a presence in over 140 different countries.In the UK, the 45 000 square metre purpose-built facility in mid-Wales produces 1300 product types in a spotlessly clean environment, which is akin to a pharmaceutical plant in terms of hygiene, safety and quality. The plant has 55 production lines and 45 different production processes, and the manufacturing systems employed are of a flexibility that allows them to run each of the 1300 product types every two months – that means over 150 different products each week. But the plant was no t always as flexible as this.It has been forced to enhance its flexibility by the requirement to ship over 80 million items each year. The sheer logistics involved in purchasing, producing, storing and distributing the volume and variety of goods has led to its current focus on introducing JIT principles into the manufacturing process. To help achieve its drive for flexibility and for JIT production, L’Oreal organized the site into three production centres, each autonomous and focused within technical families of products. Their processes and production lines are then further focused within product sub-divisions.Responsible for all the activities within his area, from pre-weighing to dispatch, is the Production Centre Manager, whose role also encompasses staff development, training and motivation. Within the focused production centres, improvement groups have been working on improving shop-floor flexibility, quality and efficiency. One of the projects reduced the setup times on the line which produces hair colourants from 2. 5 hours to only eight minutes. These new changeover times mean that the company can now justify even smaller batches, and may give the company the flexibility to meet market needs just-in-time.Prior to the change in setup time, batch size was 30 000 units; now batches as small as 2000– 3000 units can be produced costeffectively. Chapter 15: Short case study 4 Copyright  © 2006 Pearson Education Limited Slack: Operations Management, 5th edition Questions 1. What did L’Oreal do to help it organize the process of setup reduction? 2. What do you think L’Oreal gained from doing each of these things? 3. If we could halve all changeover times in the factory, what effect would this have on inventory? Chapter 15: Short case study 5 Copyright  © 2006 Pearson Education Limited

Leadership Appoach – Mahinda Rajapaksa

Mankind Chanting† (Mankind Vision, 2005), a document that reflected his villous was welcomed by thousands of fellow citizens In 2005. This Is an example of his valorously leadership style. â€Å"My dream Is that of a free nation, a land In harmony with nature, a prosperous tomorrow, and a virtuous man†; these words of his was able to maintain high popularity and public approval as his villous appealed to the core values of the Sir Lankan public. Being a charismatic leader, Rajahs paid close attention to his image in the public.He portrayed an optimistic outlook and charismatic personality to draw the attention of the public. Moral leadership accompanied with high emotional intelligence was another dimension of Arkansas leadership. He placed strong trust in his team and prioritize morally correct decisions over presidential popularity. This biography about Mankind Rajahs will highlight the practical use of relevant leadership concepts and theories. Rajahs is a visionary l eader. Awakening Sir Lankan from the challenges of 27 year civil war, he set out his vision for Sir Lankan in his very first presidential election speech.Harper (1991 characterizes visionary thinking as a process whereby executives are encouraged to extend their time horizons beyond the typical planning cycle. Rashness's speech appealed to the masses and presented an idealized view of what the future of Sir Lankan beholds. His patriotism to the country is always reflected in his speeches. â€Å"This earth and its vegetation are yours. But they should be protected not only for your benefit but also for the benefit of future generations. A ruler is only a temporary trustee not an owner of your children's heritage† (Rajahs, 2005).These words set a wave of national pride and belonging in the country and developed a Sino in every Sir Lankan mind. Thousands of individuals Joined Sir Lankan forces to save the country from terrorists. Through his vision, Rajahs was able to connect wi th the core values of the Sir Lankan public such as defending freedom and hope. As he promised, early in the fourth year of his first six-year term, Rajahs etched his name In the records of Sir Lankan history as the national leader who ended a thirty year long war against the forces of separatist terrorism that threatened the sovereignty and territorial Integrity of the country.He united the country under the ingle national flag by withstanding International pressure for a ceasefire with terrorists. He gave leadership to defeat the most ruthless terrorist organization In the world, bringing a new political vision that seeks both development and reconciliation to build a â€Å"New Sir Lankan† nation. Since, Rajahs fulfilled the dream January 2010. Souses & Poster (2009) stated that to be a successful leader it is necessary to create a shared vision. Rajahs further extended his vision of developing the country with â€Å"Thru Washstands† (Northern Spring) project.It is a special initiative after the war to expedite development in the North. This program allowed northern Tamil partners to Join in the country's progress. Rashness's vision gave Sir Lankan a direction into the future. The multiple dimensions of his vision statement set a benchmark for a good vision. Rashness's vision statement reflects that a good vision must be simple and direct, must be flexible, inclusive and optimistic and consistent with the intended audience's values. Rashness's visionary leadership is a defining characteristic of his success in politics as president of the Sir Lankan.To emerge as a popular leader of the country, Rajahs further exhibited harmonistic leadership to instill belief of the people in his abilities. Sandburg and Norman (2011) describe charismatic leaders as people who possess an unusual power of attraction. Rajahs is a charismatic leader. Throughout his parliament career, until appointed as minister, he continued his law practice in southern province of Sir Lankan. This kept him in the public eye and managed to gain a reputation amongst the community as a lawyer. He was a strong believer in the art of public relations.John, Marina, & Sue (2011) suggest that charisma can be taught and that it has an effect on leader outcomes. Rajahs used various techniques to build his charisma. Rajahs projected himself with an optimistic outlook to draw fondness from the Sir Lankan public. Rajahs appeared in public as a son to all mothers and as a friend to all citizens. He always has an optimistic smile, enthusiasm and almost casual yet serious demeanor. Other factors that contributed to his charisma are his dressing style and his personification in the media. He is usually dressed in Sir Lankan traditional dress even when attending international meetings.This is to show his patriotism towards the nation and portray Sir Lankan culture to international community. Sandburg and Norman (2011) as well as the lessons learnt from Rashness's careers refl ect that charisma can be learnt and plays an important role in the success of a leader. They suggest that all charismatic leaders emerge in times of crisis and present their followers with a mission and a path to achieve it. Being charismatic is a leadership trait that allows leaders to attract people and create a following with an almost supernatural authority (Sandburg & Norman, 2011).Apart from being charismatic, Rajahs also exhibited moral leadership. Moral leadership accompanied by his high emotional intelligence made Rajahs a popular leader. He was able to achieve intense devotion from his subordinates by ‘being a friend, but not a pal'. He placed a lot of trust in his team and believed that the team you put together to surround and advice you said a lot about your leadership. Following his election, Rajahs personally interviewed some of his staff to ensure he had the best people for the Job.As mentioned in Economist (2010), he put blinded trust in his brothers and belie ved that to maintain power he always need people whom he can unconditionally trust. His brother lieutenant Colonel Gotcha Rajahs greatly supported him to win the civil war and now manage many development projects throughout the country as the Defense Secretary of Sir Lankan. Rajahs constantly uses his emotional intelligence and moral leadership to make understanding your own and other people's emotional makeup, what motivates them and how to work cooperatively with them.Strong following and support from his team and the Sir Lankan public is a clear example of Rashness's high Emotional I. Q. Standing up to the rights of Sir Lankan Tamil amidst the civil rights movement is an example of Rajahs practicing moral leadership at risk of his presidential popularity. In addition, while defining Sir Land's vision to unite under one flag, Rajahs practiced moral leadership by refraining from high power weapons such as air strikes in last stage of Civil war against the terrorists. This decision of his saved thousands of civilian lives and also lives of terrorists.These key incidents are a clear reflection on Rashness's high emotional intelligence and moral leadership traits. His leadership sends a message that moral and intelligent leadership can create strong following and guide the leader in difficult situations. Rashness's leadership traits made him a successful leader with the highest presidential approval from the public in his tenure. His visionary leadership style is in alignment with my personal leadership traits. I regularly use techniques such as visualization to personally motivate myself and achieve my personal goals.Vision provides inspiration and in the case of Rajahs provided him the ability to connect with the public that was in need of a new peaceful future. Rashness's charismatic leadership is noteworthy. Followers seek someone they can idealize Road, Brown, Terrine, & Finniest, 2013) ND through the techniques used by Rajahs this can be achieved. Emotiona l Intelligence is really important in the success of a leader. From the stories of Rashness's regime, practicing moral leadership with high emotional intelligence can be beneficiary in guiding the leader in difficult situations.Rashness's emphasis on the power of words is an important aspect of leadership that I had not previously considered. It has become evident through his biography how important words of a leader can be. Although mostly agreeing and learning from the biography of Rashness's, his approach to challenge the international pressure seems a bit Hellenizing for my personal beliefs. Uprising against the existing system can be harmful to the reputation of the leader and must be managed carefully. Overall, I have discovered many leadership techniques and traits, which I can emulate from Rashness's biography and grow myself as a strong leader.In conclusion, Mankind Rajahs was a revolutionary leader. He was a true visionary guiding Sir Lankan during and after civil war whil e being able to assure Sir Lankan populations need through his vision. Rashness's speeches appealed to the masses and presented an idealized view of what the future of Sir Lankan beholds. Mankind Rajahs possessed an unusual power of attraction. His charismatic leadership with a closely monitored public image was an important factor in his approval as the president.

Why were the major cities of Britain bombed by the Germans in 1940-41?

The Blitz (shortened from the German word Blitzkrieg meaning lightning war) was a period of time when Germany carried out air raids on major cities in Britain. The main reason for the Blitz was that Hitler wanted to invade. The Blitz began on the 7th September 1940 with London being the first city attacked. London was bombed for 56 consecutive nights after that. This was because London is a densely populated area & the Germans knew that it would cause destruction & upset on a huge scale. In particular the bombers focused on the East End as it was home to docks and factories. Other places in London were also hit such as Buckingham Palace and St Paul's Cathedral. This would have made some people very distraught as these buildings were part of Britain's history and what had been destroyed of them could not be replaced. As well as London, towns in the south of England such as Southampton, Bristol and Portsmouth were targeted and attacked because of their dockyards. Without docks England would be unable to send or receive anything in ships overseas. This would have caused havoc with the economy, as vital resources would have been restricted. Hitler also set out for infrastructure and factories to be bombed because if roads, railways, buildings and factories had been ruined. Britain's industry would suffer immensely. Materials to make weapons and military vehicles would be scarce and s this would have a knock- on effect on Britain's progress in the war. Although a large number of cities by the coast were hit, the Midlands were also devastated, particularly Coventry in November 1940. In the North West, Manchester was attacked heavily in December 1940, but it was Liverpool that was the victim of the biggest raid on a mainland city. In conjunction with buildings being destroyed, Hitler also wanted the morale of the British to be shattered. In September alone, over 40,000 people a week lost their homes, their heritage and their memories. 4500 people were killed in November and just in London 12,500 people dies in December. Hitler wanted to crush the British drive so much that they would give up entirely and surrender. As an extract from Goebbels diary on the 1st November 1940 reads, ‘The Fuhrer intends to keep hammering the British until they break'. The British civilians lived in fear that their towns would be bombed. At night the blackouts were put in place. Indoor lights, streetlights and headlights had to be off or covered so they could not be seen from above. This would make it more difficult for the planes overhead to locate their target. At the worst, people had to resort to living in the underground railways which were packed and which were filthy. Another place people took shelter was churches as a first aider on the 14th September 1940 said, ‘ People felt that nowhere would be safer than under the protection of the church. Hitler though that if the unemployed, homeless, withered people of Britain lost their spirit and faith in the Government, then they would turn there back on the British war effort and so Germany would win.

Corporate Strategy of Tate & Lyle Company Term Paper

Corporate Strategy of Tate & Lyle Company - Term Paper Example Markets, food and beverage and industrial are the most significant. It principally sells ingredients, ingredient solutions, and services to manufacturers in these two markets and they use the ingredients to manufacture their consumer and industrial products. In the food sector, it also sells end products directly through retail distribution channels to retail customers in certain markets. The customer base includes many of the world's major global food, beverage, and industrial companies. Their ingredients can be found in the products of nearly all the world's top 100 food and beverage companies. The products include cereal sweeteners and starches, Proteins, Acidulants Sweeteners, Enrichers, Stabilisers, Acidulants, Biogum, Ethanol, Aquastat, Bio-PDOBlending, Nutritive Low-calorie Non-nutritive Dietary fibers Fortifiers Hydrocolloids Emulsifiers Fat-replacers Speciality protein, Starch, Gums, Starches, Proteins, Maltodextrins, Polydextrose, Citric acid (Product Display) Acquisition refers to a strategy wherein a company can enter a foreign market rapidly and retain maximum control. New acquisitions underline the UK group's strategy of achieving a truly diverse added value ingredients portfolio. These bolt-on acquisitions are an excellent fit with Tate & Lyle's stated growth strategy. They represent a further step in broadening the product mix, technology and customer base in rapidly expanding areas. The group continually evaluates acquisition opportunities that would add strategic value by enabling it to enter new markets or add products, technologies, and knowledge more efficiently. The acquisition of CCI has enabled Tate & Lyle to advance these initiatives by bringing new expertise in the areas of dairy stabilizers, hydrocolloids systems, emulsifiers, vitamins, and flavors. Together they will be more responsive in developing distinctive and innovative solutions for the food industry as part of value-added growth strategy (Fletcher, 2006).

The Food Safety Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Food Safety - Personal Statement Example In addition, some time should be set aside during orientation to present and briefly review the pamphlet, and its importance, with the incoming students. The letter to the Dean would take a direct and professional tone. I understand that he is a busy man and I would go directly to the issues of magnitude, importance, and ease of reducing the risk. I would use statistics from the Center for Disease Control and a short quote from the US Department of Agriculture that shows students have unique needs. I would impress upon the Dean that by following a few common sense rules we can greatly reduce the cases of food borne illness on campus. Though the letter will be addressed to the Dean, it would be reasonable to assume that other senior staff and faculty members will read it. As the Dean of the College of Agriculture he is probably aware of the many pamphlets that already exist on this subject and may view it as a redundant effort. However, I have reviewed several of these and they are written for professionals, homemakers, and commercial use. I was unable to locate one aimed at students. The reason that a new pamphlet is needed is to target the students who have a unique lifestyle and do not have a health or science background. As well as giving students something to read, it would highlight the issue and put it in the forefront of the students' minds. This program would benefit the University as well as the students. It would remove some burden from the overtaxed health care system and result in a healthier student body. More importantly, it would reduce student absence, which directly affects student performance. I plan to appeal to his sense of responsibility to the school and the student body, and will approach him as the one person who is in a position to have the imagination to do something about this problem. I expect the Dean to raise the important issues of cost and school resources. The savings to the health care system would offset the minimal cost of the pamphlets and the orientation time. Since the pamphlet is an informational tool, it could be designed and written by a student in the Department of Food Safety and approved by the staff. There would be almost no cost in getting the pamphlet to the printer. Printing costs would be minimal and the information could also be included in an e-mail. The goal is to present information to the students that they can use and heighten student awareness of the issue. I expect the Dean, as overseer of the Food Safety Department, will immediately recognize the importance of the topic and the need for action. The first paragraph should get his interest by the statistics and explaining the students' elevated risk. However, he may disagree on the practicality of my approach. I will need to spend some portion of the letter persuading him that the students would read the information and make use of it. I would point out similar successful programs that have dealt with safe sex and dorm safety. As a way of offering an emotional appeal, I would show my commitment by concluding the letter with an offer to volunteer my services to the program in any way that I was able to contribute. Food Safety Proposal Materials

Junk Food Ban Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Junk Food Ban - Essay Example Worse still, the ban only serves to reduce funds that schools receive for extracurricular activities, and in some cases, extracurricular activities such as sports that could help to combat obesity. Moreover, students like the sodas because the sodas help to keep them awake in class. Clearly, junk food ban does not get to the bottom of the obesity problem. In my opinion, junk food ban is only one solution to combat childhood obesity. A total approach that involves schools, parents, and the government is needed. A solution that combats obesity problem at its roots is influencing lifestyle changes of kids. Influencing kids to adopt a healthier lifestyle involves not only schools but also families. Furthermore, lifestyle habits form at a young age. Therefore, parents and schools should inculcate healthy eating and exercising habits in their children from young. Other than banning junk food, schools should also encourage physical activities. In addition to Physical Education classes mandated by the curriculum, schools could encourage physical activities during recess and hold sports events. Teachers should encourage a healthy lifestyle even outside school compounds. Schools could also share effective methods of teaching Physical Education and Health Education classes. To foster the outcome of junk food ban, schools should promote healthy diets. They could introduce programs such as the milk program to cultivate healthy eating habits. To inculcate good lifestyle habits, parents should begin by setting a good example for the children by eating healthily and exercising regularly. Next, they could educate children on the detrimental health consequences of obesity. In addition, they could educate children on portion size and serving size. Also, they should not use food as means of punishment or reward. Furthermore, children should be discouraged from eating while watching television programs, as research has shown that junk food consumption tends to increase while watching television programs. During these times of consumerism, advertisement plays a great role in influencing the wants, needs, and tastes of children. Parents should educate children on the motives of the advertisements. Besides, parents could encourage healthy diets by offering children variety. More importantly, flavor need not be sacrificed in a healthy diet. Parents could try out new recipes that combine flavor with a low-carbohydrate, low-fat, and l ow-sugar diet. Regular exercise goes hand in hand with a healthy diet in the solution to obesity. Parents should show children that exercising is fun. They could spend quality family time with their children by jogging, bicycling, swimming, walking in the parks, playing at the playgrounds, and engaging in other fun physical activities instead of planting themselves in front of the television. Parents should educate children on the health benefits of physical activities. Lastly, parents could support their children's effort to stay healthy by participating in school and community events. Other than introducing the junk food ban, the government can also work on other aspects including sports facilities, the media, health checkups, regulation of advertisements, and taxation. In the face of urbanization, less land is being devoted to greenery and open space. The government should therefore build more and improve accessibility to sports facilities such as gyms, swimming pools, and jogging

Women who belong to the Cult of True Womanhood Thesis

Women who belong to the Cult of True Womanhood - Thesis Example The literary pieces, depicting the life and activities of traditional women, portrayed them as highly God-fearing, religious minded, virtuous, chaste, complying and dedicated wives and mothers, who pretended meekness and compliance towards husbands. Although the two female characters under-analysis, including Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peter, appear to be submissive towards their husbands, yet secretly they dislike the allegations and attitude being witnessed by Hale and Peters while inquiring the offence committed by Mrs. Right. Thus, the play serves as a humble attempt to portray the miserable situation women were undergoing during nineteenth century, with the secret feelings of rebellion against the unjustified and inappropriate male domination. Consequently, the play contains elements of feminist movement, which aimed to win equal status and right to vote for women eventually. Published and performed in 1916, the play under the title Trifles is a one-act play by the American feminist-authoress Susan Glaspell. The drama depicts two purported supportive characters i.e. Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters, both of which strive to prove Mrs. Wright guiltless out of the feelings of sympathy and piety for her, as they know that she was leading a pathetic life under the control of her harsh and aggressive husband. A traditional wife, according to the cult, also pretends submissiveness towards her husband, and seldom involves into arguments or harsh attitude even in response to the insulting attitude and humiliating words delivered by the husbands. â€Å"It is certain that in whatever situation of life a woman is placed from her cradle to her grave, a spirit of obedience and submission, pliability of temper, and humility of mind are required of her.† (Burnap, 2002: 3) The same can be witnessed in the female characters under-analysis, as both Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peter s remain standing far from the fire in chilly cold during the inquiry procedure, which also serves as the

5 questions 1 paragraph each Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

5 questions 1 paragraph each - Essay Example The term kairotic refers to the most appropriate time. Thus, smart cars were produced when people were already overburdened by escalating fuel prices due to global economic hardship. Smart cars were meant to help consumers use their hard-earned cash in other alternative instead of spending all their earnings on fuels. It is also a kairotic moment for American consumers to ride in smart cars. We are a smart generation and thus everything about us should be smart. Success of smart cars will eliminate the blame that Americans are the greatest polluters. A typical college paper is a â€Å"data dump†. This implies that college research papers lack adequate of practical data and information from the field or the actual problem. Moreover, the phrase implies that college research papers are developed from a theoretical perspective. Plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty that involves using other people’s work or ideas without giving them appropriate credit (Trachsel 32). In my writing, I avoid plagiarism by using the appropriate referencing style and in text citations for any borrowed idea or

Triaxial Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Triaxial - Lab Report Example The clisp studio was then set up followed by completing the Pressurising Triaxial Cell checklist. The test stages were then made to run. After completing the stages, the test was terminated using the Clip Studio. The next procedure was completing the Draining Triaxial Cell checklist. The end point was the mohr cicle, for each of the sampled, the angle of shearing resistance of the soil and the apparent cohesion Introduction The triaxial shear test is a method that is commonly used in measuring the mechanical properties of deformable solids such as rock, granular materials, powder, and soil (Byrne 34). For loose granular material such as gravel or sand, the material is often contained in cylindrical latex sleeve with platen closing off the bottom and top ends (Byrne 25). Such as cylinder is immersed in a water bath or any other fluid, which provides pressure along the cylinder sides. Then the top platen is mechanically driven along the cylinder axis with a view to squeeze the material . Generally, there are a number of variations on the test. Although the term triaxial tends to suggest that stresses may be different in 3 directions, this may not be true. In this test with water or oil as a confining medium, confining pressures are all equal in all the directions. This means that for a compressed test, in principle stresses, for compression test, ?1 ? ?2 = ?3, while for tensile test, ?1 = ?2 ? ?3) (Chen 32). Therefore, it is only in true triaxial test that the stresses in all directions (?1 ? ?2 ? ?3) can be different. The distance travelled by the upper platen is then measure as a function of force needed to push it while the pressure of the water surrounding it is carefully controlled (Chen 24). For cohesive materials such as rock, and clay, the test is quite similar to that of loose granular materials (Ferrari 56). However, the test for cohesive materials takes more time than the test for loose materials. For testing of rocks, the sleeve is always a thin metal sheet rather than latex. It is rare to perform a triaxial testing on a rock because the high pressures and forces has to break the rock sample. This is makes it cumbersome and costly.This experiment was focused on undrained triaxial compression test (Ferrari 44). The aim of this lab experiment was to determine the undrained shear strength of soil using triaxial compression test. Procedure The sample was extruded from a tube and trimmed to size with the diameter of the soil as 38mm and its leagth of 76mm. The sample was sleeved with a rubber membrane. The sample was placed on the pedestal at the botton side of the seal and cell using a rubber ring. The loading cap was then placed at the top of a sample and sealed with rubber ring. The top drainage tube was then secured. The cell was mounted over the sample and filled according to the flooding Triaxial cell checklist. The clisp studio was then set up followed by completing the Pressurising Triaxial Cell checklist. The test stages were then made to run. After completing the stages, the test was terminated using the Clip Studio. The next procedure was completing the Draining Triaxial Cell checklist. Results In this lab experiment, the moisture content were calculated as shown in table 1 Table 1: Moisture content Container No. 1 2 3 4 Mass of wet soil + container (m2) g 75.4 48.2 N/A N/A Mass of dry soil + container (m3) g 63.2 42.0 N/A N/A Mass container (m1) g 5.2 5.4 N/A N/A Mass of moisture

TEAM PROCESSES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TEAM PROCESSES - Essay Example As a part of customer service, it was required to assist the customers to select the merchandize and offer them suitable products as per their needs. In terms of handling the complaints of the customers, the role had to comply with the company policies of no refund but only exchange. Thus the entire team was dynamic in its work functions with specific purpose of adhering to the company policies and in maintaining the overall profitability of the retail business. This was achieved through improved customer service that played the role of attracting the customers time and again to the retail store. A situation was encountered when the customer wanted a refund of money due to the non-receipt of a free product that was offered with the product. It was found that the stock of the free product was depleted in the retail store for which it could not be provided while selling the primary product to the customer. However, the customer had a non-negotiable approach on his demand. This created an undesired situation which occurred due to lack of effective communication and non-fulfillment of roles and responsibilities of the team. Analysis of team activity: overall effectiveness, limitations, challenges, interactions with other teams The analysis of the overall effectiveness of the team activity has been given below. The activities in the retail sales in the store demand healthy interaction of the different functions of the retail sales. The spontaneous interactions lead to strong co-ordination between the teams and its members. Due to exchange of information, the areas of concern within the team could be addressed. The experience encountered was solely due to lack of co-ordination among the team members and non-availability of updated information on the product sold to the customer. The non-availability of stock of the free offerings with the product was not communicated to the sales person by the store manager who did not inform the same to the customer. The customer af ter buying the product checked later on to find that the free offer was not packed with the sold item by the retail store. This created a sense within the customer of being cheated. For this reason, the customer wanted a refund from the store as the contract of buying and selling was breached by the retail store. This shows the limitations of overall effectiveness of the retail business in dealing with their customers. This is a challenge faced by the team as the there was no free exchange of information. The integral function of the retail store is an aggregation of the individual retail functions (Brannick,  Salas and  Prince, 1997). The communication with other teams is thus important for delivering effective customer service and in sustaining the profitability of their business. Key recommendations for improvement In order to deal with such situation in the future, the key recommendations for improvement of the retail operations are given below. There should be respect among the team members for each other and they should be aligned to overall retail sales activity. The alignment of the roles towards common interest of the overall work of retail sales triggers action from the individual roles that are aimed to make the system error free. In this experience in retail sales, the team members should have exchanged information on

Diversity in the Workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Diversity in the Workplace - Research Paper Example Therefore, when analyzing diversity, all these aspects have to be considered in order to understand how they affect performance at workplace, motivation, success and interactions with others. Diversity in the workplace improves morale, builds a greater teamwork, and promotes positive relations among individuals, enhances mutual understanding and respect among them. Furthermore, diversity is all about dignity and respect for all, learning from others and understanding each other well. This research paper provides a thoughtful discussion of diversity in the workplace, exploring its importance, challenges of managing a diverse workplace, and effective strategies to manage diverse workforce. Generally, diversity can be defined as â€Å"acknowledging, understanding, accepting and valuing differences among individuals based on ethnicity, culture, age among other aspects† (Green et al, 2013). Arguably, diversity is very essential especially in today’s global market place since organizations interact with diverse cultures and different clients, thus it should be managed effectively. Therefore, all factors that seem to interfere with the promotion of diversity at workplace should be examined and eliminated. At workplace, no employee should be discriminated when it comes to recruitment, promotion, merit increase, salary, and training among others, based on gender identity, nationality, religion, or race. In order to achieve effective diverse workforce, the organization should clearly define all its activities that it is interested in improving like expanding customer base (Finn, n.d). Diversity in the workplace is a very important issue that organizations should focus on since it yields greater productivity and competitive benefits to the organization (Green et al, 2013). Managing diversity is a reflection of effective management that helps to improve productivity of an organization as well as customer service. Due to globalization, there is increased inter action of individuals from diverse cultures, races, religions as opposed to ancient times. With this, people do not concentrate at one place working or interacting with those coming from their cultures, or race (Green et al, 2013). Today, individuals are being recruited in every place they wish worldwide because organizations are competing to promote and achieve diversity to have a multicultural organization where no one is discriminated. Mangers have to learn necessary skills to fit in multicultural work environment since managing diversity remains to be an organizational challenge and they have to be able to deal with multicultural differences so that everyone in the organization is treated with dignity. Organizational leaders should inculcate the culture of diversity by â€Å"ensuring that all managers have inclusive management style† (Pollitt, 2006, p.24). Mor-Barak proposes that diversity is the right thing to embrace with equal opportunities offered to all, irrespective of their background, beliefs, or gender. This implies that all employees are given equal access to job opportunities in the organization (Mor-Barak, 2011). Organizations and businesses should care about diversity in the workplace since it does not only affect them but also the suppliers and customers. Ensuring that there is diversity in the workplace yields many benefits to employees, customers, and the organization as a whole.

Book reflection--Breath,eyes,memory( Edwidge Danticat,New York,1999) Essay - 1

Book reflection--Breath,eyes,memory( Edwidge Danticat,New York,1999) - Essay Example Breath Eyes Memory, a novel written by Edwidge Danticat, tells of a young, Sophie Caco, who matures up to be a woman as she was delimited by the Haitian culture. The story starts with Sophie who is aged six and living with her aunt Atie in Haiti. Born after her mother, Martine was sexually molested. Danticat puts together a narrative of a young woman of Haitian origin coming to terms with her mother, her nation, and her own identity. Sophie’s mother, Martine, leaves her behind with her aunt since she is trying to pull through from her problems. At only twelve, Sophie’s mother sends for her to come reside with her in America. Nonetheless Sophie refuses to go as her mother forced her to undergo a traditional virginity test. At18, Sophie falls in love with Joseph, a neighbor who is much older. Joseph is a musician whom Martine does not approve of. Consequently, Sophie is not able to forget the truth that her mother made her undergo the test and each time she sleeps with he r husband she likely remembers the testing. Martine and Sophie begin to work on their mother-daughter bond and problems they have faced all through their lives. The story however has a tragic ending leaving readers in suspense if Sophie learns to accept the bond with mother. At 12, she is to joins her mother as she moves from an impoverished town of Croix-des-Rosets to America to live with her. However there are hidden memories from Haiti buried away that afflict both Sophie and her alienated insomniac mother (Danticat, pg. 85). She uncovers hidden secrets no child ought to ever make out, that her mother is distraught from a rape ordeal that happened years ago. Later when Sophie is all grown up and has a family of her own, she realizes that her mother condition is worsening. Neither Sophie nor Martine can run away from the burden of the past, which ultimately leads to sexual trauma, bulimia, insomnia and mental torture

Comics, Power, and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comics, Power, and Society - Essay Example He writes by using the minimum of vocabulary and his graphics convey profound messages. The visuals depicted through â€Å"The Arrival† are impossible to translate verbatim. They appeals to the inner world of an individual depending upon the level of one’s intellectual capacity, power of discrimination and spiritual progression. The life of an individual does not relate to any one branch of social science discipline. Disciplines like sociology, history, economics etc. impact an individual simultaneously from all ends. From the American point of view, immigrant experience is an important aspect especially in the life of an African American. The graphic of ‘Arrival Suitcase’ highlights the life’s journey of a man on the lookout for a better life for his family in the unknown country. He is sure to encounter economic and sociological problems, and on reaching the destination country he becomes the part of the history of that country. He also continues to be the part of the history of the country from where he left and often remains torn between the two identities. He is the product of two histories and tries to mold his life accordingly. He cannot forget his past history; he cannot afford to neglect his present state of affairs. The graphic â€Å"The Journey† has the timelessness abo ut it. Time, its impact and functioning is impossible to fathom. Its greatness is about its ambiguity and profundity. Through this graphic Shaun Tan conveys the epic voyage of human life which is mostly compared to one’s efforts to negotiate the ocean. New York is a city of conglomeration of races. Multiplicity of cultures is the hallmark of this great American city. Whether cultural assimilation in the true sense of the term has been achieved by the cross-sections of the American population is altogether a different aspect. What has been achieved in this city can be the representative sample for the entire American system. When the immigrants newly arrived

Hand hygiene Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hand hygiene - Essay Example With this being a retrospective project, no questionnaires will be involved (no human involvement) but only collection/evaluation of pre and post data from the infection/risk and quality department within the sampled acute care center. Any or all actions that are meant to clean hands by any person may describe what hand hygiene refers to. It involves such practices as washing hands using water as well as soap or even the application of non-water antimicrobial rub on hands as are all meant to reduce if not eliminate all microorganisms on the hands (Corrigan, 2013; Medvick, 2008). ‘Hospital acquired infection’ (HAI) refers to the infection that a patient may be diagnosed with after admission of any form of medical attendance within the medical facilities and as such it implies that the infection was not present as the patient came into the facility for the health service(s) (Weinstock, 2007). It must therefore be acquired through health care delivery and hands hygiene has been pointed out as the greatest contributor to such outcomes (Cantrell, 2013). Health care facilities and providers have therefore a mandatory responsibility of ensuring that hand hygiene is promoted in order to curb the losses in lif e and costs associated with the resultant infections from poor hand hygiene within these medical facilities. This paper therefore focuses on the effects of poor hand hygiene by healthcare providers on HAI with special attention on compliance by health care providers and main factors that could explain the poor hygiene within health facilities amidst the extensive and serious campaigns on hand hygiene within these facilities (Cantrell, 2014). Although this topic has been addressed intensively over years, little studies have been directed towards implications of compliance of health care providers on observing hands hygiene. Many factors

Critically review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Critically review - Essay Example The fashion shows run by Hussein Chalayan in exhibiting his designs carries an exceptional sense of style and character. For instance, most of his fashion shows have a characteristic sets that are minimal, as well as, exhibit a certain sense of suspense in the mood. Hussein does not stop at anything to dazzle the world with his wonderful designs, especially considering the elements of geometric structures, urban architecture, as well as, contemporary interiors incorporated in them. His shows explore a certain sense of theoretical and conceptual designs that play out behind his garments across the body of the models used for the fashion design. This, in fact, is one of the winning strategies that Hussein uses to beat his competitors to the prize especially in most of the fashion show competitions he participates. The aura and glamour of his designs always put him ahead of other designers, making him one of the hottest designers in the fashion industry. One of the most reveling fashion design exhibitions played out by Hussein was in January 22, 2009. In fact, the media, such as the Daily Telegraph, terms this fashion exhibition as â€Å"a Beautifully Orchestrated Show†. This fashion design was at the London Museum of Modern Art and attracted partners and stakeholders from the vast fashion industry. As the expert he was, Hussein did not disappoint his audience, and as such, left the media partners both dazed and confused from his meticulous pieces of designs, covering different cultural aspects, themes, innovation and creativity, as well as, an avid mind of incorporating technology and design in his creations. The fashion show development incorporated the most contemporary fashion designs with his pieces leading the forefront. He was meticulous as always, with his incorporation of the most progressive attitudes towards the

The Struggle Of Oil In America Essay Example for Free

The Struggle Of Oil In America Essay Introduction Since its discovery 150 years ago, petroleum oil has become lifeline of the world, the functional equivalent of blood in the human body. The mechanism driving the entire transportation system from automobiles, airplanes, railways, ships to space rockets is based on utilization of energy of petroleum oil. Petroleum products are also extensively used in a number of infrastructure industries that form the core of industrial processes and basis of existence of modern world. However, the petroleum resources of world are very limited and they cannot endlessly meet human demands. Various estimates have put the total extractable oil stock to exist for another 50-75 years if world continues to consume them at present rate. After that the cost of extraction of remaining petroleum products would become much more than the benefits obtained them and world would require new resources of energy to exist. These concerns have already spawned intense research in alternative technologies to meet the future energy needs in the face of an impending petroleum crisis. United States of America is world’s leading consumer of petroleum products accounting for approximately 25 % of total consumption of petroleum oil world over. In 2003, world’s consumption of petroleum oil stood at around 80 million barrels per day, out of which US’s share was close to 20 million barrel (Hirsch, Bezdek, Wending, 2005). To meet these huge petroleum demands US depends crucially on oil imports that is well above 50 % today and continuing to rise upward. This overwhelming dependence on imported oil poses various strategic and security challenges for US interests in the long run. The sharp oil price increases of 1973 and 1979-81 serve as testimony to the dangers of import dependence. Further as the oil sources would continue to deplete, the prices of oil would steadily and inexorably rise until the level when world is faced with an acute fuel crisis. Based on these observations it’s vital that U.S explores alternative technologies and fuels to sustain its development and growth structure. Oil Imports The continuous rise in U.S oil consumption has forced it to rely increasingly on imported oil to meet its expanding requirements. In the past 50 years, oil consumption fell just on two occasions that were marked with international increase in prices of oil, in 1973 and 1979-81.. Domestic production of oil that peaked in 1971 has fallen since then while oil imports have continued to rise, crossing the domestic supplies in 1994 (EIA, 2005). The net imported oil share in the net oil consumption was 34.8 percent in 1973 which went lowest at 27.3 percent in 1985 but since then it has continued to rise against a dropping domestic production levels (Reaardon, 2002). The upward trend in oil consumption and consequently in oil import have continued to take place despite multiple efforts and policy intervention that government has tried to introduced (Deutch J, Schlesinger J.R, and Victor D.G., 2006, 29). As of today with its 20 million barrel per day consumption U.S is the largest consumer and importer of oil, surpassing the combined consumption of Japan, Germany, China, Russia and South Korea (Reardon, 2004).. The share of oil in total energy produced in USA is just 17.2 percent while in consumption it rises to 40 percent that explains the need for huge oil import. Imports constitute 11 million barrels per day that is more than the aggregate oil import of Japan, Germany, and South Korea (Reardon, 2004). For oil imports U.S relies heavily on Canada, Venezuela and Middle east oil with Canada being the single largest exporter country of oil to U.S. However as a group the OPEC dominates among all the exporters supplying more than 50 percent of total oil imported by U.S (Petroleum Navigator, 2006). The total petroleum imports for U.S stood at over 5 billion barrels in 2005 out of which crude oil constituted 3.69 billion barrels which means that oil accounts for almost three-fourth of the total imports (Petroleum Navigator, 2006). Finished petroleum products constituted the second largest import segment with close to 15 percent contribution. The bulk of the oil consumption takes place in the transportation sector, which accounts for the 69 percent of the total oil consumption in US (Basic Petroleum Statistics, 2007). Overall there are five major sectors accounting for petroleum oil consumption. These sectors, along with their consumption share in year 2005 are (Petroleum-EIA, 2006) Domestic/Household: Consumption in 2005 was 869 thousand barrels of petroleum per day Commercial: 386 thousand barrels of petroleum per day Industrial: 5061 thousand barrels of petroleum per day Electric Power production: 545 thousand barrels of petroleum per day Transportation: 13, 825 thousand barrels of petroleum per day. A breakup of consumption pattern in the transportation sector reveals that consumption stands highest for motor gasoline. Average daily consumption of motor gasoline in U.S, according to Petroleum data (EIA, 2005) is 8933 thousand barrels per day. Distillate fuel oil is the second most consumed petroleum product with daily consumption at 2817 thousand barrels. These figures give a realistic view of inevitable oil import dependency U.S for present and future if it carries on the present rate of consumption. Indeed the chances to curb the massive oil imports are slim considering the fleet of 210 millions vehicle that depend solely upon motor gasoline for their functioning (Hirsch R.L, Bezdek R, Wending R, February 2005, 4). As on 1st January 2006, the total proven oil reserves with U.S was just 21.6 billion barrels, which implies that in future U.S would be forced to rely almost completely on oil imports for its entire transportation requirements. As the closer sources shall run dry, U.S’ dependency would shift to further sources from where oil must be transported over vulnerable supply lines, leading to rise in global oil price. The greater risk is certainly compromising with U.S national interests. The oil supply lines would always be at risk against subversive elements requiring another set of huge investment in ensuring safe transportation of oil to U.S onshore facilities. It will also place U.S interests in the hands of oil cartels such as OPEC that may freely manipulate oil supplies according to their own interests. The shortage of oil would be more manifest in coming times as oil demands are growing world wide, especially in China and India with rapidly expanding economy, transportation system and consequently requirement of petroleum oil. Even at present consumption rate there are grave uncertainties on the secure prospects of future supplies within next 50 years time frame, and the rising consumption rates threatens to bring the approaching crisis nearer. United States is thus faced with a great responsibility to secure its future interests without sacrificing its present requirements and needs. This issue forms the topic of the next section. Part II: Alternative fuel technologies The impending oil crisis has finally stirred policy makers in US. A number of approaches are suggested that include a. imposing taxes on oil consumption b. using tradable gasoline permits and c. exploration of new sources of oil ( Deutch J, Schlesinger J.R, Victor D.G. 2006 ). However, the pressing need of situation demands measures that would sustain the present structure while safeguarding the future against depleting sources and rising petroleum prices. As the world’s oil reserves are finite, even measures such stagnating oil consumption and using oil more efficiently are just helpful in delaying the inevitable without offering any permanent solution to the issue. Oil reserves are going down steadily and within a couple of decades prices will soar up inexorably disrupting the economy, industry and society in turn. The only practical solution to this problem is technological innovations in energy field that can reduce dependence on petroleum oil by providing alternative and sustainable sources of energy. It shall serve two immensely useful purposes that are a. minimizing U.S dependence on foreign oil and b. preventing the environment from damages associated with use of petroleum oils and products. The certainty of oil exhaustion has inspired efforts from both government and corporate sector to research and develop the new fuel technologies as a providential measure for survival, growth and progress in forthcoming days of oil crisis. Past decade has seen great thrust on technological researches in alternative fuels. Various new techniques and models have already been introduced in the market to test their viability and capacity to successfully replace petroleum as chief source of energy. Most of these innovations are specifically aimed at transportation sector owing to its liability as chief consumer of petroleum oil and as principle cause of soaring oil imports. Due to distinct requirements of different sectors in transportation, the technologies vary. Passenger vehicles, public transport vehicles and freight transportation carry specific needs that are difficult to be met by a single alternative fuel technology.   Some of the major and most popular of these technologies, where majority of research and development has taken place, are (Aldrich, 1996) 1.Hybrid Vehicle, 2. Bio-diesels 3. Ethanol 4. Hydrogen and 5.Solar energy Following section discusses the technology used in each of these new vehicle-systems and their benefits over conventional gasoline based internal combustion engine. Hybrid Vehicles: As the name suggests, hybrid vehicles combine dual technologies for their operation. Technically they are hybrid electric vehicle with an electric motor that drives the vehicle (Hoogma, Kemp, Schot and Truffer, 2002, 41 ). In the case of a typical electric vehicle, hydrogen fuel cell or chemical batteries such as advanced sealed lead battery, nickel cadmium and lithium ion are used for auxiliary power (Aldrich, 1996). However in the hybrid electric vehicles, the electric drive technology is combined with a gasoline-based power generator for running the electric motor and charging the batteries. Hybrid vehicles are either full hybrid or mid hybrid. A full hybrid vehicle can move forward from standstill purely on electric power while a mid hybrid requires gasoline power for initial movement, although both technologies concentrate on maximum utilization of electric motor power while reducing the use of gasoline as far as possible (Hybrid Terms, 2007). The electric motor and internal combustion engine (ICE) are connected either in parallel or in series in a hybrid vehicle. In parallel hybrid cars, power to engine is supplied by both the electric motor and internal combustion engine while in the series hybrid car the gasoline engine powers the electric motor and batteries to generate electricity, without directly providing power for the vehicle (Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 2007). There is another category of hybrid vehicles, called as ‘plug-in hybrid’ that can operate as a full electric vehicle. They require some additional batteries and use electricity net to charge the batteries thereby minimizing gasoline use to its lowest possible levels (Hybrid Terms, 2007). All hybrid electric vehicle use computer that constantly monitors speed, power required and charge conditions of batteries (Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 2007). Bio-diesel: Bio-diesel, as the term suggests, is a type of renewable fuel obtained by agricultural products and used as fuel in heavy-duty vehicles. The major sources currently under research for bio-diesel are soybean, rapeseed, corn, cottonseed, peanut, sunflower, and canola (Aldrich, 1996, 85). The process of making bio-diesel involves use of an alcohol such as methanol which is treated with oil of selected agricultural produce to form glycerin followed by separation of fatty esters, recycling of excess alcohol and purification of esters to produce a fuel that bears remarkable closeness to diesel, however with higher octane number (Aldrich, 1996, 85). Currently bio-diesel is used when blended with petroleum diesel, especially in European markets, with commendable results. Ethanol: Ethanol as a very long history as an alternative fuel, and it was tried in even 1880 as a fuel option for Ford cars (Aldrich, 1996, 51). Ethanol is derived from agricultural produces by process of fermentation and distillation to form a high-octane liquid fuel. Normally ethanol is not used alone as a fuel, instead it is blended with gasoline in ratio of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline to form a fuel E-85, which is approved as an alternative fuel in US (Ethanol, 2007). The vehicles run on this fuel are called as flexi fuel vehicles. Ethanol has emerged as a successful alternative to fossil fuels in Brazil where more than 4 million vehicles on ethanol based fuel and it is finding increasing application in US as well. The benefits of using ethanol are multifold and they include (Ethanol, 2007) Hydrogen: There are great interests in using hydrogen as fuel in transport industry due to the great flexibility of options and performance it offers. Hydrogen can either be used as fuel in place of gasoline in internal combustion engine or it can be used as energy carrier in fuel cells, the latter being the major research area in automobile sector (Aldrich, 1996, 87). Solar Power: Use of solar power as energy in transportation sector has been subject of intense technological research. While the solar energy has found wide application as domestic energy supply, there are difficulties in their application in transport sector. Photovoltaic cells, that absorb sunrays to provide electricity, are inefficient under the current technology strains and unable to generate even a fraction of required power to drive a normal passenger vehicle. However, solar power has turned as a dependable source of energy in areas other than transport. All the initial costs are high in maintaining a solar energy power plant, its been shown that with increasingly sophisticated technology and wider application the cost of installation as well as generation of electricity can get comparable to normal power plants (Borowitz, 1999,112). Mass Transport System Apart from introducing alternative fuel and technologies to replace and minimize fossil fuel consumption, another area where fuel consumption can be easily reduced is creating a more robust and functional public transport and mass transit system. It is cost effective and time consuming to redesign the existing public transport system, especially in major cities, to cut down fuel consumption by reducing number of vehicles on the road. While airplanes are already a popular and heavily used long distance intercity mass transit system, there are many available areas of intervention in short distance intercity and intra-city transport to provide fast and reliable transit facilities while simultaneously reducing traffic, freeing up space on roads and parking and moderating fossil oil consumption. The transportation system of US, excluding freight transport, is presently divided in two broad categories a. privately owned individual all purpose vehicle transport system and b. public transport system consisting of buses, trains, trams, and metros under the control and maintenance of public administration and public transport companies ((Hoogma, Kemp, Schot and Truffer, 2002, 36-37). Public transport system is usually characterized by low cost, fuel-efficient transit system capable of carrying large number of people on a fixed route (ibid). It has been felt over time that a sustainable and efficient fuel policy needs to incorporate advanced public transport system as one of its key focus area. To improve the services of public transport system, increase its popularity and acceptance among people and highlight its role as an efficient and fuel incentive mode of travel, public authorities and corporations are required to introduce some important policy and technological measures. Three policy measures as highlighted by Hoogma, Kemp, Schot and Truffer (2002, 43)   are 1. Developing an integrated public transportation system where a single ticket can be used to commute irrespective of the number of switchovers made in the process. 2 Development of strong travel information structure in the public transport system, which can help people to navigate to their destinations easily. 3. Providing easy payment facility such as smart cards. These policies would greatly enhance the image and services of public transport system. Additionally the light rail and bus services can be expanded to cover specifically high traffic and downtown areas of major cities. An integration of public transport and private vehicle system can be achieved by providing sufficient parking space at stations and depots of public transport system. It would encourage people to use their private vehicles to access public transport system, resolving one of major issues of limited accessibility involved with mass transit system. Conclusion When fossil fuels were discovered around 150 years back, the existing technologies of steam engines were unable to utilize them. However, soon completely new technologies were developed in the face of these new energy sources and they were used to capitalize on the energy content and efficiency of fossil fuels. Soon petroleum fuels revolutionized the way the world moved and worked. The past 100 years of consumption has comprehensively depleted non-renewable petroleum deposits and estimates give another 50 more years before the remaining available sources would get almost exhausted. This fact is indeed a cause of concern, but only if viewed from existing technological frame. Declining petroleum resources offer the signal that its time to make transition towards different energy sources. Countries that would fail to read this signal or close their eyes to it are certainly heading for a major crisis. But fortunately US has the capacity to read these signals and develop reliable intermediate technologies and systems such as hybrid electric vehicle, ethanol and public transit systems that would considerably reduce fossil fuel consumption without adding to infrastructure cost thereby extending the life period of petroleum reservoirs. Meanwhile research can take place on new age technologies such as fuel cell and solar photovoltaic cells to complete replace fossil fuels as a source of energy. It is possible that if government and industry institute providential policy measures, there would be a host of alternative technologies in transportation sector by the time petroleum oil would get exhausted. But the question is that has US opened its eyes to the approaching crisis of oil shortage and if so, then what are the policy measures that are being taken to avert and stultify the crisis. Depleting oil resources are a reality, and it is certain that within decades oil prices would climb to astronomical height, bringing the entire present system to standstill. The whole structure of US is running efficiently on the energy of petroleum and it would collapse if this energy dries up. The responsibility to start transition towards new system, however, is not only of government but of every person because the future of crisis would be a common future. It would a collective exercise upon to use alternative technologies in their personal life, make maximum possible use of mass transit system and send the message to government and industry that people are ready for the great shift from petroleum oil. Reference Reference Basic Petroleum Statistics. Jan 2007. Energy Information Administration. 31st Jan. 2007 http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/quickfacts/quickoil.html Benefits of Public Transport System-An Overview. 1st Feb-2007. American Public Transportation Association. 1st Feb 2007. http://www.apta.com/research/info/online/ben_overview.cfm Bob Aldrich.. ABCs of AFVs: a guide to alternative fuel vehicles. California Energy Commission, Sacramento-CA. April 1996. 1st Feb 2007 http://www.p2pays.org/ref/26/25156.pdf Borowitz, Sidney.   Farewell Fossil Fuels: Reviewing Americas Energy Policy.: Plenum Trade: New York: 1999 Deutch J, Schlesinger J.R, Victor D.G. 2006. Consequence of U.S Oil Dependency: Report of an Independent Task Force. 30th Jan. 2007 http://www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/EnergyTFR.pdf Ethanol. 2007. Alternative Fuel Data Center. US Department of Energy. 1st Feb, 2007, http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/altfuel/ethanol.html Faupel Karen and Al Kukri, 2002. Biodiesel: A Brief Overivew. NCAT Agricultural Specialist. 1st Feb, 2007. http://www.msenergy.ms/biodiesel.pdf Hirsch R.L, Bezdek R, Wending R. February 2005. Peaking of World Oil Production: Impact, Mitigation, Risk Management. 30th Jan. 2007 http://www.pppl.gov/publications/pics/Oil_Peaking_1205.pdf Hoogma Recmo, Rene Kemp, John Schot, Bernhard Truffer.   Experimenting for Sustainable Transport: The Approach of Strategic Niche Management.: Spon Press: New York: 2002. 36 Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Feb 2007. Hybrid Electric Vehicle: Implementing Agreement. International Energy Agency. 1st Feb, 2007. http://www.ieahev.org/hybrid.html#Anchor3 Hybrid Terms. HybridCars.com. 1st Feb 2007 http://www.hybridcars.com/types-systems/hybrid-terms.html Petroleum. July, 2006. Annual Energy Review-2005. 31s Jan, 2007 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html Petroleum Overview, 1949-2005. Annual Energy Review.31st Jan, 2007 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html Prospects For A Hydrogen Economy. Oct. 2002. Postnote. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology. 1st Feb, 2007. http://www.parliament.uk/post/pn186.pdf Reardon Jack. .An Institutionalist Critique of the Bush Administrations Journal of Economic Issues. Volume: 38. Issue: 2. Publication Year: 2004. Page Number: 449+ Sanna Lucy. Driving the Solution: Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles. EPRI Journal. 1st Feb 2007. http://www.calcars.org/epri-driving-solution-1012885_PHEV.pdf U.S. Imports- Petroleum Navigator.Energy Information Administration. 31st Jan 2007 http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_impcus_d_NUS_Z00_mbbl_m.htm

19th century England Essay Example for Free

19th century England Essay In this essay we will be discussing the life and times of the one and only Charles Dickens. He was an author. A very famous and popular author. Firstly we shall discover the background of Charles Dickens; we shall also discover how powerfully Dickens background affected him as an author and child.  Charles Dickens was born in 1812 and grew up in Portsmouth. His farther was a clerk in the navy pay office. At this time Dickens also worked as a clerk with his farther. But when Dickens turned 12 years old his farther started to have problems, very serious problems, financial problems. The reason for this is that he had quite a large family. In the year of 1824 Dickens whole family was sent to prison and Charles had to give-up all his home life and school because he was sent off to work in a shoe polish workhouse. Dickens was so sad and hurt because of his familys imprisonment, so what he did was write about his early life in novels, but before all of this had happened Dickens family was released from the Marshal Sea prison in 1825. Straight after this his farther sent him to the Wellington house academy (a school). When he had grown up in 1827 he worked as a clerk for a firm of solicitors in Holborn, but he hated the law so he was drawn into journalism. In 1831 Dickens was writing short hand reports of parliamentary debates for the London papers. After this Dickens started life as an author he wrote many novels such as: Bleak house, The old curious shop, Master Humphries clock, and Great Expectations.  But the most popular and famous out of the novels above is probably Great Expectations. The novel Great Expectations begins with the protagonist Pip strolling through the graveyard, in which his mother and farther are buried, what the author is trying to tell the reader is that Pip is an orphan. After this scene Dickens introduces the next character Magwitch. Magwitch is an escaped convict; we know this because in the novel it says, A fearful man, all in coarse gray, with a great iron on his leg. Dickens deliberately creates this type of tension to get the audience interested and to suggest that the fearful man is an escaped convict. When Magwitch appears in front of Pip he starts to threaten the poor little boy. Magwith said to Pip that he would cut his throat and rip his heart out and eat his liver, keep still you little devil, or Ill cut your throatyou bring them both to me or Ill have your heart and liver out. Yet again Dickens deliberately means to do this to create a mood of tension so that the audience feel sympathetic towards Pip but think that Magwitch is a violent, intimidating and aggressive character, the author also makes the audience think that Magwith is a cannibal because of the threat he made to Pip. After this encounter Magwitch asked Pip where is his mother and then Pip replied, There sir. He meant in the graveyard (tombstone). After a while Magwitch realised that Pip was an orphan, so he asked Pip who does he live with, Pip said that he lives with his sister Mrs Joe Gargery. The escaped convict is starving because of his long journey from the Hulk ship (prisoner ship). So Magwitch asked Pip to bring him some food but did this in an unusual way, he bribed him by saying that there is another escaped convict on the loose much worse than he is, Pip agreed to meet Magwitch the next day.  Gradually we discover that Pip thinks that Magwitch is like a ghost haunting him as Magwitch walks toward the Gibbet. At the end of the chapter we discover that both Magwitch and Pip walked off into the distance, but Dickens also makes the audience feel sympathy for Magwitch because of the way he was dragging his feet with the iron piece of metal on it. The author creates another mood of sympathy towards Magwitch when he hugs himself. This identifies that Magwitch is lonely and cold and Dickens leaves the chapter on cliffhanger. He leaves it with Pip, But now I was frightened again, and ran home without stopping. What the reader would want to know next is, when will Magwitch and Pip meet again. In chapter 3 we discover that Magwitch and Pip meet again, but in the first paragraph Dickens creates a sinister atmosphere, It was a rimy morning, and very damp. This explains that Dickens wants to make the audience feel a degree of tension. As the paragraphs go on, we discover that Pip sees another escaped convict that appears to be Magwitch to PipI saw a man sitting before meI went forward and touched him on the shoulderand it was not the same man, but another. What this means is that Magwitch seemed to be telling the truth about the other escaped convict, but was only trying to bribe Pip, so now we realise that there is another convict on the marshes. When Pip had stolen the file and food and running through the marshes he was considered to be as bad as Magwitch because since Pip has such a vivid imagination he imagines that the cows and animals are talking to him, A boy with somebody elses pork pie! Stop him. This shows that Pip has a vivid imagination and is guilty of theft.  When Pip meets Magwitch Dickens creates sympathy towards Magwitch, the right hand man hugging him-self and limping. Magwitch seemed to be very weak and cold, drop down before my face and die of deadly cold. His eyes looked awfully hungry. The author creates this mood of empathy so that the audience begins to think that Magwitch can be weak and pathetic and therefore we are interested to see whether he will survive or not. When Pip gave Magwitch the food, he saw Magwitch eat the food ravenously but there was a bit of a bond between Magwitch and Pip. This bond is that they are both lonely and scared. But all of a sudden Magwitch started to act nicely to Pip, I am glad you enjoyed it did you speak; I said did you enjoy it, thankee my boy. I do. The audience now think that Magwitch is not much of a villain. The other reason why Dickens did this was because he did not like the penal system in those days, he also wanted to show society that prisoners were human too.