The Classical Era And The Age Of Enlightenment - 1123 Words

Ludwig Van Beethoven was a musical masterpiece. He never let problems interfere with his work. He was born in the baroque period, lives a life of fifty-four years, and contributed so much romance in his life although never being married or having kids. Beethoven is well known for his work and will forever be known as a Romantic influencer. Beethoven dedicated his whole life to his music. He never let bad situations fully tear him apart from writing and playing music. The historical period that Ludwig grew up in was known as the baroque period. The people of this period began to rely on knowledge, saying that knowledge is power. They called this the age of enlightenment because instead of relying on superstitions and beliefs they relied on scientific knowledge to show the way. Before this era was the medieval era and with Beethoven’s appearance in the world it soon became the romantic era. Although before the romantic era was the classical era. In the classical era the music was known as clearer with cleaner and more distinct parts. His whole era was very much revolved around all kinds of arts, but especially the music (Longyear 649). Ludwig Van Beethoven was born on December 16, 1770 in Bonn, the electorate of cologne, a principality of the Holy Roman Empire. Although this may not be his actual birth day because they do not have documentation on it. They went off the fact that he was baptized the day after on December 17, 1770 and there wa s documentation on this date soShow MoreRelatedThe History of Music Styles1362 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: A study of the history of music styles brings to the fore two distinct periods, Baroque and Classical. The purpose of this essay is to provide a comparison between the two musical eras through the exploration of two different composers and their works, namely Antonio Vivaldi and his Four Seasons ‘Spring’ in the maximized Baroque era and the minimalist approaches of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s Symphony. Moreover this essay will review the unique social, cultural, technological an musicalRead MoreThe Age Of Enlightenment : Classical, Romantic, And Modern1023 Words   |  5 Pageshuge changes in styles between each musical era. From 1750 until the present day, there have been three major musical eras: classical, romantic, and modern. All three of these eras have brought new and innovative ideas to the world, but they are all drastically different stylistically, philosophically, and musically. The classical period lasted from about 1750 to 1830, and this period was known as the â€Å"age of enlightenment.† The age of enlightenment emphasized thinking, reason, and individualismRead MoreEssay on Renaissance vs Neoclassicism1295 Words   |  6 PagesMichelangelo, has been compared with the Antonio Canova’s statue Psyche Revived by Cupid’s Kiss. Both of these works reflect the artistic advancement of their ages. David represents the renaissance art by reflecting the political situation of that time, whereas Psyche Revised by Cupid’s Kiss, depicts the artist’s focus on the Roman and other classical arts. Although alike as two of the greatest advancing periods in art the art and artists are focused on very different things. Renaissance is a culturalRead MoreThe Contributions Of The Romantic Era And Romanticism1107 Words   |  5 PagesThere was a time for reason, as well as a time for love. As we have seen from our past, today we have time for both. The Age of Reason, also known as the Enlightenment, took place during the 18th century, which was a time for philosophers to thrive. They sought out the truth behind our everyday lives, to figure out how they shaped our society. The Romantic Era or Romanticism took place during the late 18th century to the late 19th century focused on following people’s hearts more than their mindsRead MoreEssay on An Analysis of the Renaissance and Romanticism Art Periods1241 Words   |  5 Pagesearly 1300s, Europeans began to shed the dark and oppressing mindsets of the Middle Ages. This sparked a revolution that would begin in Italy and spread throughout Europe, and is known today as the Renaissance. The word Renaissance literally (and fittingly) means ‘r ebirth’ – making it a fitting title for a period where interest in learning, philosophy, and the classical arts were ‘reborn’. Where the Middle Ages took the meaning out of the arts – using paintings and sculptures for nothing more thanRead More Neoclassicism and the Enlightenment Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesNeoclassicism and the Enlightenment The Enlightenment was a time of great innovation and evolution. One of the most significant movements which owes at least the majority of its beginnings to the Enlightenment is the architectural and artistic movement of Neoclassicism. This Neoclassicism of the mid eighteenth to mid nineteenth centuries is one that valued ancient Greek, Roman, and Etruscan artistic ideals. These ideals, including order, symmetry, and balance, were considered by manyRead MoreThe Music That Have Changed The Face Of Music1375 Words   |  6 PagesGrowing up, Beethoven was a household name. Countless studies have been released claiming classical music could increase babies’ intelligence. The importance of music is vast and affects every individual in a multitude of ways. Throughout the course of history, there have been artist that have changed the face of music as we know it. Two important composers to the course of music’s history are Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Liszt. While both composers certainly have similarities in their music, thereRead MoreThe Romantic And Classic Ages Of European Music1015 Words   |  5 Pagessame, musicians of considerable significance have been both consciously and subconsciously molded by the environment in which they reside and as such they may interpret and bring the world to life in the language of music. The Romantic and Classic ages of European music can be simply put as the period of ti me between the deaths of Ludwig Van Beethoven in 1827, and that of Gustav Mahler in 1911. Despite this convenient partition, history has never been one to divide itself so precisely. There wereRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Classical Era Of Music729 Words   |  3 Pagesthe bridge between the classical and romantic era of music. He is known for doing this because he took key aspects of the classical era and merged them with key aspects of the romantic era. The classical era of music dates from 1775-1825. The classical music era had a lighter and more clear texture (Kamien 161). The music from this era was mainly homophonic meaning that the music had one part or melody that dominated all other parts or melodies (Kamien 160). Classical era music also really focusedRead MoreTop Ten1569 Words   |  7 PagesTop Ten Assignment The Enlightenment and Romanic Ages produced numerous masterpieces in art, music, architecture, and literature which people still enjoy today. These opus magnums along with the philosophies during the two periods are reflections of the developments in world events and cultural patterns. This paper will present two pieces of art, music, architecture, literature, and philosophy from the Enlightenment and Romanic Ages that best represents the developments patterns from that time.

What Is Operations Management - 1534 Words

What is Operations Management? Operations Management is defined as how we deal with the design and management of products, processes, services and supply chains. It considers the acquisition, development, and utilization of resources that organizations need to deliver the goods and services their clients want. All of these steps are part of the strategic, tactical and operational levels. The strategic piece includes areas such as determining the size and location of manufacturing plants, deciding the structure of service or telecommunications networks, and designing technology supply chains. When we look at the tactical items we see plant layout and structure, project management methods, and equipment selection and replacement. Lastly†¦show more content†¦Along with what design systems they use so that they maintain quality services and goods in the demanding arena of big box stores. I start with designing the system, this begins with product development. Product development involves determining the characteristics and features of the good or service to be sold. In the case of Home Depot we will begin with an assessment of their customer needs. The facilities, rental equipment and products that will be supplied, as well as the information systems needed to monitor and control performance, as part of this system design process. For Home Depot this all starts in the main office located in Atlanta, were they have individual groups of cross-functional decision making teams that process the needs of their customers and intern communicate with marketing, financial, and operations to plan the needed steps to successfully launch a new product or store opening. The product design is actually not part of their company but rather comes from outside vendors looking to sell a product. It is up to this team to determine if there is a fit within Home Depot to sell this product and make a profit. It is critical to determine if the characteristics and features of the product, as well as how the product functions. These steps determine a product s cost and quality, as well as its features and performance. That now becomes important factors on which customers make purchasing decisions.

A Critical Evaluation of the Engagement and Psychosocial...

INTRODUCTION This assignment is a critical evaluation of the engagement and psychosocial assessment of a client living with psychosis in the community. It provides a critical and analytical account which encapsulates assessments, psycho education, problem solving, implementation and evaluation of strategies used. I will also use Gibbs (1988) model of reflection to reflect on my assessment process and how learning can be taken forward in terms of my own practice development and that of the service setting. My client l shall call Emily a pseudo name used to maintain confidentiality in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) 2002 Code of Professional Conduct that outlines†¦show more content†¦I met with Emily to set the agenda and explained to her that she was free to terminate the session anytime should she feel it necessary. It was also vital to ensure that the sessions were neither confrontational and totally compliant with Emily’s view of the world ( Kingdom amp; Turkington, 1995) I encouraged Emily to describe her current problems and to give a detailed description of the problems and concentrate on a more recent problem. l was directive, active, friendly and used constructive feedback, containment of feelings to develop the relationship(Tarrier et al,1998).l used her interest in Christianity to engage her and because l showed an interest this became a regular point of conversation and strengthened the connection. I also demonstrated some flexibility in response to Emily’s needs and requirements at different stages of the treatment and intervention. It is not possible to maintain a sound collaborative therapeutic relationship without constant attention to the changing situation and requirements of a patient (Gamble and Brennan, 2006). Since the development of antipsychotic medication and dominance of biomedical models during the 1950`s mental health care has changed and evolved. The dependency on the sole use of medication was found to have left patients with residual symptoms and social disability, including difficulty with interpersonal skills and limitation with coping

The Neolithic Period, which includes events from 12,000...

The Neolithic Period, which includes events from 12,000 years ago, is one of the most important revolutions to occur in history. The Neolithic lifestyle was established first in the Middle East, and then later in the Yellow river basin in China, which then spread over the years into the Western Hemisphere. During this time period, the domestication of plants and animals and the development of cities was starting to become more prominent and well known to many different civilizations across many different countries. It consisted of many changes in human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of farming and settlement, which supported a larger population. As civilizations expanded, so did traditions and techniques. A major†¦show more content†¦Throughout the inundation period, which happens at some point around July, the water level ascends and fills the waterways made by Egyptian workers. At some point around the end of October, the stream might start to su bside which leaves behind the rich silt deposits. This permitted horticulture to thrive, and also directing when planting and reaping might happen. Since the delta zone generated surplus products on a consistent support, society here was very equitably stable, and there was plenty of time for leisure activities such as art or science. Not only was the Nile perfect for irrigation, but it also served as a method of transportation and enabled them to interact with other civilizations. This transportation became important to the Ancient Egyptians in the New Kingdom when the empire spread along the Nile. Egyptians used the Nile for transport to build pyramids; they had to use the Nile as their main transport system because they could not move the heavy bricks through the sand. Although people tend to think that being surrounded by sand would make living much more difficult, the Egyptians took advantage of it, rather than despise the desert. The desert is an area of land with minimal vege tation, no arable farmland, and an exceptionally poor atmosphere, typically hot and dry. Deserts often act as a barrier to outside civilizations, makingShow MoreRelatedGobekli Essay2989 Words   |  12 Pagesout of nowhere, as if sprung from the very ground itself. The ongoing argument concerning the rise of civilization is centered almost wholly around the domestication of plants and animals. The prevailing view of V. Gordon Childe’s principle â€Å"that social structure and organization were bent to the demands of technology.† (Childe 1954:23-4), is now directly challenged by what archaeologist Klaus Schmidt is determining from the excavation of Gobekli Tepe; â€Å"that far from causing sedentism, agriculture

Wicked And Messy Environmentals Problems Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(110) " and public attitudes are so dynamic it is sensible for direction schemes and patterns to be dynamic as well\." Human activities over the decennaries have doubtless affected the environment.The coming of industrialisation and technological advancement is one such activity that has been argued as the cause of great harm to the natural environment. Coupled to the increasing demand to supply for the turning populations around the universe, this has led to a myriad of environmental jobs some of which have been described as â€Å" mussy † or â€Å" wicked † . We will write a custom essay sample on Wicked And Messy Environmentals Problems Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Amidst the huge technological promotions, these wicked jobs still remain unraveled and elusive. They challenge our administration constructions, our accomplishments base and our organisational capacity. It is of import, as a first measure, that wicked jobs be recognized as such. Successfully undertaking wicked jobs requires a wide acknowledgment and apprehension, including from authoritiess and Curates, that there are no speedy holes and simple solutions They are the antonym of â€Å" tame † jobs which have straightforward distinct solutions. Rittel and Webber ( 1973 ) describe wicked environmental jobs as withstanding categorization and devoid of clear cut solutions. They have besides been associated with â€Å" extremist uncertainness † and â€Å" plurality of legitimate positions † ( Funtowicz and Ravetz, 1991 ) .What does this mean for natural resource direction? This suggests that natural resource direction has been plunged into an epoch of turbulency with decreasing effects of the traditional/conventional attack to job resolution. This brings to bear the challenges conservationists and policy shapers have to postulate with in the direction of wicked environmental jobs rather commonplace in modern times. This essay attempts to propose ways by which natural resource direction can be effectual in covering with these wicked jobs. It begins by discoursing four challenges that wicked jobs present: alteration, struggle, complexness and uncertainness. It does that by utilizing the Sierra Nevada Forest and the European cap- and trade plan for C dioxide emanations in the European Union as instance surveies. Finally, proposes that for effectual direction of environmental jobs through policy and pattern, a combination of the precautional, adaptative and participatory attacks must be considered to cut down the uncertainness and complexness associated with wicked environmental jobs. The first challenge associated with wicked jobs is complexness ; a trait Gunderson ( 1999 ) suggests is built-in in natural resource jobs. Complexity implies a trouble in set uping cause and consequence forms due to the presence of mutualities and multiple variables. Complexity is determined by the grade of uncertainness and societal dissension on a peculiar issue ( Patton, 2011 ; Stacy, 1996 ; Zimmerman, 2001 ) .For illustration, the status and tendency exhibited by wildlife populations are as a consequence of the interactions between factors such as anterior population, conditions, marauders, home ground, disease, off-site factors and opportunity events. If there is species decline in a population, which of these factors can be blamed for this result? The reply is non every bit simple as a work outing to a mathematical job since the job may be caused by one of the factors or many moving in concert. The proficient and societal facets of complexness have besides been identified. The former is linked to restrictions in quality of information and a lack in cognition systems which makes the diagnosing of a job really feverish and introduces high degrees of uncertainness. A quotation mark by Lawrence J. Peter alludes that † some jobs are so complex that you have to be extremely intelligent and good informed merely to be undecided about them † . The societal facet on the other manus, emanates from troubles in the coordination of information, activities and stakeholders across several subjects. The differences in positions, values, perceptual experience and beliefs of assorted stakeholders introduces struggle: another challenge in deciding wicked environmental jobs. Adding to complexness is the diverseness and scope of stakeholder values, a formula for conflict.Values have been observed to be a cardinal component in the actions of people ( Rescher, 1969 ) .There is frequently small consensus on what the job is, allow entirely a general solution ( Ritchey, 2005 ; Rittel and Webber, 1973 ) .Whether the issue is about air quality, H2O usage, constructing a dike or protecting forest species, the differing values of stakeholders is non in doubt.Parties normally involved in environmental policy preparation normally span the full length and comprehensiveness of administration, from the politician to the peasant husbandman. Given the trouble of integrating the divergent positions all the parties may lawfully set frontward, struggles have left most environmental problem-solving efforts stranded and engulfed in judicial proceeding. For illustration, a H2O resource contention in Colorado started over a proposed dike ( Bingham, 1986 ) .Some parties declined to take part in the treatment until the inquiry of whether or non a dike was needed was answered. Others thought, a dike was the lone manner to work out the H2O deficit job. However, inquiring the inquiry † how much H2O do we necessitate? † is indispensable to understanding the job which brings into crisp focus problem-framing ; a critical but quite debatable measure in environmental policy preparation. The procedure of problem- bordering involves inquiring inquiries that explore different facets of the job. It ‘s amazing how frequently people fail to inquire what or why a job is happening instead than presuming the solution is apparent ( Watzlawick et al, 1974 ) .This premise of cognizing the solution before researching the job farther has chiefly been associated with experts who may see new jobs every bit precisely as old 1s ( Kaplan and Kaplan, 1982 ) .The presence of conflicting values, hazard and uncertainness does non intend a definite determination can non be taken.It merely stresses the director ‘s demand to believe beyond the traditional attack to job framing and job resolution. neglecting to see that most wicked jobs alone and associated with alteration, another challenge of wicked jobs. As discussed earlier, the assorted mutualities and multiple variables in wicked environmental job makes alteration inevitable phenomenon. Horst Rittel in his paper â€Å" Dilemmas in General Theory of Planning † explains that when covering with wicked jobs one must acknowledge that every wicked job is a symptom of another problem.Considering the fact that ecosystems, societal, econonmic, cognition, engineerings and public attitudes are so dynamic it is sensible for direction schemes and patterns to be dynamic as well. You read "Wicked And Messy Environmentals Problems Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples"Policies must be continually be adapted to alter every bit good as constructed for local application.Wildavsky et Al, ( 1995 ) suggest that the lone manner to guarantee consistent advancement in dynamic and unsure state of affairss is to take incremental stairss that are bold plenty to go forth room for possible mistakes that enhance acquisition. Uncertainty is another challenge associated with wicked jobs due to the changeless alteration and reappraisal of scientific discipline and development. Therefore, it is rather rare for scientists to hold nem con on something as complex on an environmental or ecosystem level.In a complex unfastened system like the environment, cognition has bounds and certainty is far-fetched. What is the narrative today with the attack to work outing wicked environmental jobs? Is it working? It can be argued that uncertainness truly has played a function in the many statements that have characterized environmental direction treatments and a subscriber to the overplus of entreaties and judicial proceeding. The responses form authorities bureaus have been to bring forth more complex policy paperss warranting their actions and recommending for more research to do up for the cognition spreads that exists with the premise that differences are centrally about scientific discipline. On the contrary, grounds shows that difference in stakeholder places have more to make with conflicting values than with scientific uncertainness. This side of the statement is barely explored ensuing in the formulating of more paperss which have small to make with the underlying jobs. Owing to the fact that environmental direction makes determinations that affect both hereafter and present coevalss. There is a demand for better regulations and moralss to steer environmental directors. Bearing in head the challenges of changing ecological and societal conditions across big and spacial graduated tables, multiple stakeholder groups with really divergent values, high degrees of perceived hazard and scientific uncertainness, many research workers and environmental directors have espoused several theories and patterns which they deem are most appropriate for covering with wicked jobs. In the following subdivisions of this essay, three attacks ; adaptative direction, participatory procedures and the precautional rule will be introduced as the most appropriate for covering with modern-day environmental jobs. Adaptive direction has been argued as a direction scheme that will cover with scientific uncertainness and existent universe illustrations of its pertinence is apparent as reviewed in Stewart et al. ( 2004 ) . It has been associated with changing grades of success across a gamut of instances, each with results that enhance larning. The adaptative attack has been described as a acquisition attack that continually improves policy and pattern in the face of uncertainness and a tool to border philosophical, methodological and practical challenges that come with natural resource direction ( Holling 1978 ; Walters 1986 ; Lee 1993 ; Gunderson et Al. 1995 ) . † Learning by making † is the basic construct of adaptative direction. This attack has been recognized by international interdisciplinary attempts such as the sustainability scientific discipline plan ( Clark and Dixon, 2003 ) , the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment ( 2005 ) and the Equator Initiative of the United Nations Dev elopment Programme ( UNDP, 2005 ) as holding the possible to cover with the complexness of socio – ecological procedures and enhance acquisition. A instance survey of the on-going success of the adaptative direction attack is shown by Canada ‘s Model Forest. To cut down the uncertainness, complexness while advancing the development of advanced thoughts and sustainability the Federal authorities initiated Canada ‘s theoretical account Forest Program in 1992.The Program consists of 11 theoretical account woods across Canada selected to reflect the diverseness of ecosystems and societal systems present in Canada ‘s Forest environment. Each theoretical account Forest is designed to work as a life research lab where novel integrated forest direction techniques are researched, developed, applied and monitored in a transparent forum that engages and spouses with stakeholders from environmental administrations, industry, native groups, educational and research establishments, community – based associations, recreationists and landholders every bit good as all degrees of authorities. The success from this adaptative attack have been many and includes the development of voluntary wetland preservation plans for private lands ; establishemenrt of protocols for describing on socio economic indexs based on Statistics Canada nose count informations ; developing an ecosystem -integrated resource direction program for the Province of Saskatchewan, production of a codification of forestry pattern to assist landholders understand and use the rules of sustainable forest direction ; constitution of the Grand River Reserve to protect three eco-regions and home ground for the endangered Newfoundland pine marten. Research workers have identified two signifiers ; the passive and active types of adaptative direction ( Wilhere, 2000 ) . The passive is strongly science centred and formulates policy based on theoretical accounts and revises the theoretical accounts as monitoring informations becomes available. The active signifier nevertheless conducts direction action as deliberate experiments. Though the passive is rather simple and cheap the active signifier consequences in better apprehension of the responses of natural systems to direction and can assist develop better policy. However, no individual attack has the complete armory for contending wicked jobs and though adaptative direction has had many successes it has its restrictions. Short term undertaking frames, stiff marks and a focal point of success prompt directors to go on with conventional and controlled direction attacks, even when encouraged by authorities rhetoric to use adaptative attacks ( Allen and Curtis, 2005 ) This restriction is due to the fact that wicked jobs do non merely have scientific uncertainness but besides is engulfed in a overplus of stakeholder struggles. Therefore adaptative direction demands to integrate a societal side as good including institutional barriers. For illustration, institutional stableness, organisational civilization hinged on acquisition and equal political and administrative committedness of resources ( Lee,1993 ) .To be effectual, adaptative direction will necessitate to include cognition from multiple beginnings, system theoretical accounts and support cooperation among stakeholders ( McLain and Lee, 1996 ) .This demand has led to adaptive co-management an attack that combines adaptative and collaborative direction in which rights and duties are jointly shared to better battle the challenges that wicked jobs may convey. Thus, coaction brings into crisp focal point the demand for carefully designed public engagement. Public engagement has become an entrenched construct in the preparation, execution and direction of environmental issues owing to its suitableness for turn toing the involvements of multiple stakeholders and cut downing struggle. It is rather common to see National and subnational authoritiess require the input of the populace in managing and development of environmental policy. An illustration being the US National Environmental policy Act and the US Federal Advisory Committee Act. Thus engagement in decision-making is progressively regarded as a democratic right ( Reed, 2008 ) .Increasing calls for public engagement remainders on many factors including turning misgiving of public establishments and functionaries, inareaing legislative demands for public engagement, the complexness and uncertainness of modern-day jobs, different hazard perceptual experiences and a turning acknowledgment that determinations are non wholly scientific but societal values and political relations are bui lt-in in all administrative determinations. Politicss has non been extricated from how the environment is managed, degree of public engagement and at what point in the policy doing procedure it is incorporated. Participatory procedures besides have a challenge of placing groups of stakeholders and conveying these involvements together in an environment conducive for larning ( Gray,1989 ) .It has besides been associated with intensive resource committednesss ( money, clip and human capital ) , drawn-out determination devising, reduced determination quality, increased struggle and diminished likeliness of a successful result ( Sample, 1993 ; Steelman 2001 ) . The Precautionary attack is one possible response to wicked jobs in the face of uncertainness and hazard. Some bookmans assert that it is a powerful tool for protecting human wellness and the environment under unsure conditions ( Cameron and Boucher, 1991 ) whiles other believe it is ill- defined, unscientific and of small value to policymaking ( Manson 2002 ) . Still many states have some signifier of precautional rule in topographic point when confronted with unsure wellness hazards though they may non explicitly refer to it ( Zander, 2010 ) .While the chief importance of this rule is embedded in proverbs like † better safe than sorry † it cardinal thought is that engineerings or patterns that have the possible to jeopardize the environment should be banned or strongly regulated until proved safe. Under the precautional rule, the absence or deficiency of grounds refering the harmful nature of a substance or pattern can non function as a justification for detaining action to modulate them ( Raffensperger and Tickner, 1999 ) . For illustration, the issue of planetary warming normally includes statements that either favour business- as -usual or the precautional rule. Oppositions against the rule base their statements on scientific uncertainness sing how worlds have contributed to climate alteration and the badness of effects that may happen. They by and large advocate for farther research to cut down the uncertainnesss before dearly-won emission-reduction policies are implemented. Advocates of the precautional attack on the other manus argue that the likely inauspicious effects of the accretion of nursery gases in the ambiance are serious plenty to warrant potentially dearly-won ordinance despite staying uncertainnesss. Its part to long term, multigenerational effects of policy determinations has been emphasized nevertheless it can non individual -handedly provide a practical usher to covering with wicked jobs. How to cite Wicked And Messy Environmentals Problems Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Ethical Business Decision Making Long Term Performances

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Business Decision Making for Long Term Performances. Answer: Incentives based on long term performance: Sabbatical these incentives are offered to keep employees trustworthy and loyal. Stock options the employees can purchase companys shares at a reduced price after fulfilling the required conditions. Vacation increases increase a week per year after completing 5 years of employment as an incentive. Cash awards it is given after completing certain performance goals, after completing 3 5 years employment. Stock and stock appreciation rights (SARs) it is similar to stock options, in SARs company pays cash to its employees for purchasing companys shares after fulfilling the required conditions. Incentives based on short term performance: Employee gift it is the simplest form of short term employee incentives. It includes gift cards, prepaid cards for online shopping, restaurant vouchers and entertainment vouchers. Employee bonus bonus is a financial gain given to the employee after completing a given period or project. It can be paid as a percentage of sales generated or given for each completed assignment/project. Paid time-off it is generally given to temporary or part time employees in order to motivate them to work for allotted working hours and earn more paid time off. Team awards for employees it is given when the performance of a team directly contributes to the success of a company. It helps in developing better coordination among team members. Incentives based on team (group) performance: Profit sharing company will pay a percentage of its actual profits to employees. It helps in achieving better team performances and creating a sense of ownership between employees. Performance is directly proportionate with the percentage of profits they get. Better the performance more will be the profit for the company. Gain sharing it is similar to a profit sharing incentive. It is given against the computable non financial attainments. For example, customer satisfaction level increases as compared to the last year and for this company will give bonuses to its employees. Goal based incentives it is given after completing specific goals. It provides a target to the employees, which have to be fulfilled in order to get incentives. It focuses on collective work and team efforts. Merit based incentives it is a more of subjective approach of incentive. In these employees are rewarded for their efforts despite of any particular outcome. For example, incentives given to the employees stay late night to finish their work. Incentives which are similar in each reward structure: Cash award it can be given for long term as well short term performance of an individual or a team. Bonuses bonus can be given for short term as well as long term performances. Following are the two key benefits and two key potential control costs associated with each reward structure: Structure Key Control Benefits Potential Control Costs Long term performance It can be customized as per the needs of company, employee and shareholders. Cost of LTIP is more than benefit received from employee. Helps in holding executive talent with the company. Complex in nature as compared to short term incentive plan. Short term performance Helps in holding managerial talent with the company. Cost of supervision of each employee is high. Helps in increasing operational performance. Establishing performance standards is costly and time consuming. Group performance Helps in increasing effectiveness and efficiency of the team. Cost of analysis of individuals contributions. Better coordination among team. Increase in overall cost of team. 4: In the given scenario Sam has made the following logical and decision errors in her recommendation to the board: Sam has not made the full disclosure about the facts related with overseas factory, employees of which lives in poverty and are paid by a charity institution. Sam has not provided any quantitative analysis for proposed proposals and not shown working for average cost of production. Her recommendation is not clear but creating more confusion in decision making. She has not considered all the factors in her recommendation to the board. In the given case Sam has to apply ethical principles while giving her recommendation to the board. Ethical principles provide standards of behavior to the human beings. In order to make ethical decision one has to eliminate unethical options and select from alternatives as per the ethical principles. Following are the ethical principles which may affect the Sams decision: The fairness and justice approach as per this approach all equals should be treated equally. All human beings are treated equally in ethical actions and if treated unequally then that actions must be taken on the basis of some defensible standard. The common good approach the Greek philosophers have given a notion that life in community is a good in itself and our actions should contribute to that life. In this approach attention is given to the common conditions which are essential for the welfare of everyone. It includes public educational system, health care, recreational areas, effective law, police and fire departments. Creating the good for society every company must work in a manner which is good for the society in which they conduct their business operations. Business policies, standards and procedures are developed by taking into account social and economic factors applicable to the company. Right stuff Right stands for justified claim on others. Ethical standards suggest moral rights for human beings. Since these rights are not governed under the law, therefore their interpretations are taken differently by different persons. As per the above mentioned principles Sam should recommend for the outsourcing to the overseas factory as it is in favor of ethical principles. This decision will help in improving rural areas in the overseas country by providing employment to people as it is mentioned in the question that people living in that area lives in poverty. This decision is also in the favor of the company as the average cost of production is less in long run if the company decides to outsource its production to the overseas factory. Reference: SCU, 2015, Ethical decision making, viewed on 10th July, 2016 _ https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/ Webb C., 2015, Long term incentive plans, viewed on 10th July, 2016 _ https://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-longterm-incentive-plans-11244.html Taylor T., 2011, Short term incentive plans, viewed on 10th July, 2016 _ https://www.brighthub.com/office/human-resources/articles/101867.aspx McQuerrey L., 2015, Team based incentive plans, viewed on 10th July, 2016 _ https://smallbusiness.chron.com/types-team-based-incentive-plans-59545.html

Operations and Production Management Systems

Question: Discuss about the Operations and Production Management Systems. Answer: Introduction Operations entail all the activities needed to form and deliver an organizations goods or services to its customers. In our case operational management has been used to determine how well Hawkesbury Company satisfies the needs of the customers. The mission of the operations function will be expressed in terms of productivity, profit and competitiveness between products. Logistics in production enhances the careful use of resources thus management failed to include logistics in the company operations; this resulted to the wastage and mismanagement of resources. The production system comprises both the technology used, division of labor and information flow. The fact that the customer is price sensitive and strict on delivery time increases the pressure to the manufacturing firm. However despite the nature of increased efficiency in the manufacture of a kitchen cabinet, the products sales have outgrown that of the standard kitchen and volume capacity in the firm as well. The improvemen t of the system to produce a unique model has led to increasing in productivity and increase in sales volume. The direct responsibilities of Mei as the manager are portrayed where he critically examines the tradition of manufacturing and identify the need for customers opinion to meet his/her needs. Modernized production systems The aspect of changing nature of the operations in Hawkesbury Cabinet Pty ltd has been discussed in the case study where the traditional manufacturing processes are put aside to give way for modernized methods characterized with highly specialized machinery which increase the operations efficiency. The manufacture of standardized kitchens has more costs incurred which leads to a decline in profitability of the company hence Mei have decided to focus on unique designs according to client specifications. Mellvin (1994) states that new design produces greater revenue and has the largest production capacity compared with standard k due to the introduction of new skills in designing. The customers accept the unique model and methodology of manufacturing adopted by the company. There are inevitable circumstances of which leads to increase in pressure due to the nature of the client known as specs builders. Division of power The company designs and manufacturers kitchen cabinets and belong to Fung and Mei , the two owners distributed managerial responsibilities and some of the duties they had to fulfill include; managing of the operation process, improvement of the system, embracing design, planning, control and operations in strategy, formal identification of roles. Earlier before the recent production changes the company had focused entirely on custom made kitchens where clients were given the opportunity to consult with Mei for a unique design specifically for the individuals. Production processes The company uses high quality general purpose machines to provide the kind of flexible products that the clients desire of a wide variety of custom designed cabinets. The process of painting is done on the fully assembled cabinets in an assembly area that is well controlled in the rear of the facility. The final process of finishing is done in the same area as the painting and as a reason growth has become large and a continuous process. Winslow (2002) said the existence of varying tastes and preferences of the potential buyers keep the producers on suspense. Fung and Mei became more and more popular with their client base becoming more and more diverse because of the good reputation out of their quality goods and high performance levels. Fung holds the position of a master cabinet maker whereas Mei competencies are that of an interior designer. Through over time, Fung duties had evolved due to the increasing capacity of the company and the rising needs, this led to a new role assign ed to him in the position of production and operations manager. Mei has always had an interest in the overall managerial of the company which comprised of the financial activities. Inadequacy in resources such as machinery equipment The use of same equipment for both the custom made cabinets and the same crafts people led to competing on the same processing time with the limited machinery to work with. This resulted in the waiting period to increase for completion of one task and overall contributes to partially completed jobs. The effect of the new builders on the Hawkesbury operations is that pressure in processing due to a reduction in time spent in manufacturing. This is enhanced to meet client deadline since the builders kitchen were becoming increasingly important and popular in the market. Revenue and profit made by the company The builders kitchen contributed 60% of the companys volume and 75% of the revenue generated by the company in total. The rest 40% volume in production capacity was for the standardized kitchens and the revenue generated was 25%. The financial effect of the builders kitchen would be an increase in profit made in producing the builders line of kitchens. Strict requirements and high standards of performance The total output of Hawkesbury Cabinet Pty Ltd and manufactures- custom built kitchen is not sufficient for supply to all the builders thus the company sales has to increase, however the company had been signing low volume contracts to specs builders although they maintained a good standard. This results in a reduction in the limited range of batches being made into smaller batches. These specifications of batches lied between single kitchen up to five kitchens of the given qualities or specifications made. Another challenge encountered was that of Stringent delivery requirements by the client builders who were also price sensitive than custom- made price buyers. Multitasking Friedrick (2003) Multitasking of the two activities of manufacturing the kitchen cabinets and the custom designed cabinets which were being carried out at the same time in a manufacturing facility.The single facility cannot accommodate a higher production level due to inadequate resources unless it is enlarged. Re-scheduling Regular scheduling has been witnessed due to sales of the builders lines increasing. Prioritizing over the cabinet kitchen led to abandoning of the standard cabinets to leap a higher benefit from the higher sales and profit margins. Edward (2001) argues that Wastage in the company has been an issue where the components of the standard kitchen are scattered all over in the manufacturing firm as more attention is paid to various production departments Partial work was done The company does not utilize the resources efficiently and minimizing the cost of production is neglected in this case. Costs associated with the company standard builders increased steadily as a result of the non-utilizing the resources. Champy (1999) states that excess money could have been used in production processes in the firm tied up in the material inventory, finished goods and work in progress. Stock holding costs and other stock-age costs became rampant due to the excess inventory that the company had incurred and thus hired a new warehouse in the nearby. Standard and custom orders faced the challenge of pro longed lead time for a number of days. This led to the delay of the promised deliveries and longer time was spent to deliver the orders. Mei the general manager was disturbed by the prolonged delay of the orders because he had a role to play in the responsible management of the company. He faced challenges dealing with the clients who had made new orders to the company . The issue of increased volume work in the process led to a tremendous change in the previously well-organized manufacturing area to into a factory which was clogged up with work partially completed. Burnetas (2001) said that the manufacturing capacity of the firm was put to the limit due to the current operations systems of lagged production and hence no space left for further expansion of the business. Conclusion The two partners have to obtain knowledge of the global trends in the field of supply chain management in order to meet customer ever changing demands. The company has to encompass logistics in its operations to reduce wastage. The logistics will ensure that standard cabinet components which are left lying partially uncompleted work are well accounted for and carefully used. The customer expectations have skyrocketed; new experts in the field of design with more creativity to provide the client with the expected standards are to be hired. The operations management is an integral position of the above company hence there are areas where operations functions and the skills of an effective operational manger are strongly tied to the organizations lasting success. To counter the issue of increased volume of work the company has to hire new personnel and buy machinery and apply technology that will assist in reducing the partial work into completed work. They must configure a product syst em which will be most efficient and affective for the overall improvement in designs and processes. References Edwards, J., 1983. mrp and kanban-american style, APICS 26th Conference Proceedings New York Plenum Press. Vallin, F. 1961. Total quality control mcgraw-hill. Britain European press. Schnonberger, R., 1982.Japanese Manufacturing Techniques: Nine Hidden Lessons in Simplicity, New York. Grubbstrm, R., 1995. Modeling production opportunities - a historical overview, production economy, Germany. munich press. Champy, J., 1993. Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution, Harper Business. Burnetas, A., (1993). On Sequencing Two Types of Tasks on a Single Processor under Incomplete Information", Probability in the Engineering and Informational Science. Morich, L., 2013. atmae membership venn diagram archived. Wayback Machine. Friedrick, K.,1959. A history of Western Technology, Charles Scribner's Sons in Dallas American press. Behnam, K., 20132. Operations and Production Systems with Multiple Objectives. John Wiley Sons. Kantorovich, V., 1939 Mathematical Methods of Organizing and Planning Production, Management Science Russia Soviet Press. Wortmann, C., 1983 A classification scheme for master production schedule", in Efficiency of Manufacturing Systems, New York, Plenum Press. Winslow. F., 1911. The Principles of Scientific Management. New York, NY, US and London, UK: Harper Brothers Gutenberg press. Montgomery, D., 2012. Statistical Quality Control: A Modern Introduction.Sydney Australian Press.

Muse to my ears by Muse free essay sample

The highly popular band Muse, originally from Devon, have cause quite a stir in the music industry since 1994, releasing seven hit albums in their many years or rock stardom. Their music is popular, mainly with teens and young people, because it is original. Yes, original. None of the whiney, always-played-on-the-radio pop rubbish. Real, relatable music. The rocky edge to their music makes it enjoyable to listen and relate to. Matthew Bellamy (lead vocals, guitar, and piano) is a very talented musician with an eye for detail when music is concerned, right alongside Christopher Wolstenholme (bass and backing vocals) and Dominic Howard (drums and percussion),who are also talented musicians. They’ve toured all over the world, won Grammy’s and other music awards and wiped out every other well- known band from the music kingdom. Black Holes and Revelations earned the band a Mercury Prize nomination and a third place finish in the NME Albums of the Year list for 2006. We will write a custom essay sample on Muse to my ears by Muse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Muse have won many other music awards throughout their career, including five MTV Europe Music Awards, five Q Awards, eight NME Awards, two BRIT awards and four Kerrang! Awards. Muse gained their Alternative Rock stardom after having their song, Supermassive Black Hole, used in the twilight soundtrack released November 2008, causing an almighty stir among twilight fans. That certainly sounds like Muse to my ears, how about you?